This review represents nickel, cobalt and palladium catalyzed C−H activation of sp3 carbon, with special emphasis on methyl C−H activation. The importance of directing group assistance and effect of ligand on β‐ or γ‐ C(sp3)−H activation is summarized in this review. The mechanistic study for Ni, Co and Pd catalyzed sp3 C−H bond functionalization also discussed in detail.

N-methylation of indole and O-methylation of phenol have been developed using MgO as a heterogeneous, inexpensive, easily available, recyclable solid base and dimethyl carbonate as a green methylating reagent.

Scheme 15. Plausible reaction mechanism for synthesis of the substituted phenanthridinone derivatives.Scheme 17. Plausible reaction mechanism for the synthesis of substituted 2,5-dihydrofuran derivatives.Scheme 28. Synthesis of (E)-butyl 3-{2-[methoxy(methyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}acrylate derivativesu sing ar hodium catalyst.Scheme29. Plausible reaction mechanism for the(E)-butyl 3-{2-[methoxy(methyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}acrylatederivatives.Scheme 37. Synthesis of 2-methoxy-7-methyl-3-vinyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one derivatives using ar hodiumc atalyst.Scheme 42. Synthesis of isoindolinones and 1,5-dihydropyrrol-2-one derivatives using ar hodiumcatalyst.Scheme 43. Plausible reaction mechanism for the isoindolinone and 1,5-dihydropyrrol-2-one derivativess.Scheme 48. Synthesis of 3-iminoisoquinolin-1(2H)-one and 3-aminoisoindolin-1-one derivativesu sing ar hodium catalyst.

This review summarizes current developments, novel synthetic routes for Ruthenium tethered chiral catalyst, and its derivatives along with its application in asymmetric synthesis. The review also covers derivatization in tethering unit, modification in N-monofunctionalized ligand as well as ligation of other ligand with Ru metal in chiral catalyst. Apparently, the effect of a modified tethered catalyst in the enantioselective synthesis of chiral products as well as in synthetic chemistry is also discussed in detail.

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