We retrospectively reviewed eight prospective epidemiological studies conducted between 1991 and 1995 for dual respiratory virus infection (DRVI) to determine the frequency, associated comorbid conditions, clinical presentations, and morbidity related to DRVI among immunocompetent persons. Two viruses were identified as the cause of 67 (5.0%) of 1,341 acute respiratory virus infections. DRVI was detected in patients from õ1 year to 79 years of age, in both sexes, and in many races. Forty-two percent of patients with DRVI were £4 years old. Fifty-eight percent of patients with DRVI had underlying chronic lung disease. DRVI was associated with upper respiratory tract illness; lower respiratory tract illness, including pneumonia; systemic influenza-like illnesses; and exacerbations of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. All of the common acute respiratory viruses were identified; picornaviruses and influenzavirus A were the most common. The rate of DRVI (11.6%) was highest in the epidemiological studies in which cell culture, serology, and polymerase chain reaction were used together. Patients with DRVI were hospitalized significantly more often than those with respiratory infection due to a single virus (46.3% vs. 21.7%; P õ .01). The percentage of DRVIs increased proportionally with the number of diagnostic methods used. Respiratory illness associated with multiple viral pathogensMaterials and Methods has been reported infrequently. The majority of the studies have Study design. We retrospectively reviewed the charts inbeen published in the pediatric literature, with most infections cluded in epidemiological studies of community-acquired resreported to be due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and a piratory virus infections conducted at our institution between second respiratory virus [1 -8]. The frequency of dual respira-1991 and 1995. A DRVI was defined as an acute respiratory tory virus infection (DRVI) varies widely in the literature, and virus infection and any combination of culture(s), serological the clinical relevance of DRVI is unresolved. Some authors test(s), or PCR(s) positive for two different viruses. An SRVI have found that the morbidity associated with DRVI is higher was defined as an acute respiratory virus infection caused by than that associated with single respiratory virus infection a single virus detected by either culture, positive serology, or (SRVI) [3], while other authors have not found that DRVIs PCR. The charts of all patients with DRVI in these epidemioare more severe than SRVIs [2, 5, 8 -12]. We performed a logical studies were reviewed by one of us (A.L.D.), and data retrospective review of prospective epidemiological studies of on demographics, comorbid conditions, date of onset of the respiratory virus infection carried out by the Acute Viral Respiacute respiratory illness, results of viral diagnostic tests, and ratory Disease Unit at Baylor College of Medicine between clinical presentation were recorded. A computerized database 1991 and 1995. We examined the inc...

Texas is experiencing resurgence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We report sociodemographic, clinical, and outcome differences across the first and second surges of COVID-19 hospitalizations at Houston Methodist, an 8-hospital health care system in Houston, Texas. 1 Methods | From electronic health records, we identified patients with positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) nasopharyngeal swab test results for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. We extracted age, sex, race/ethnicity, comorbidity, medication, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and mortality information. The assessment of race/ethnicity was driven by prior analyses of our data that demonstrated higher SARS-CoV-2 infection rates among racial and ethnic minorities. 2 We tracked daily total, ICU, and non-ICU (medical/surgical units) hospital census across the reporting period. We categorized patients into surge 1 for admissions between March 13 and May 15, 2020, and surge 2 between May 16 and July 7, 2020. Surge 2 started 2 weeks after a phased statewide reopening. 3 We provided summary statistics as means or medians and proportions for various sociodemographic, clinical, and outcome characteristics of hospitalized COVID-19

Rapid genome sequence analysis permitted us to genetically define this strain, rule out the likelihood of bioterrorism, and contribute effectively to the institutional response to this event. Our experience strongly reinforced the critical value of deploying a well-integrated, anatomic, clinical, and genomic strategy to respond rapidly to a potential emerging, infectious threat to public health.

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