This report describes the present status of the detector design for SuperB. It is one of four separate progress reports that, taken collectively, describe progress made on the SuperB Project since the publication of the SuperB Conceptual

This brief addresses the emission reduction of spark ignition engines by proposing a new control to regulate the air-fuel ratio (AFR) around the ideal value. After revisiting the engine dynamics, the AFR regulation is represented as a tracking control of the injected fuel amount. This allows to take the fuel film dynamics into consideration and simplify the control design. The lumped unknown engine dynamics in the new formulation are online estimated by suggesting a new effective unknown system dynamics estimator. The estimated variable can be superimposed on a commercially configured, wellcalibrated gain scheduling like proportional-integral-differential (PID) control to achieve a better AFR response. The salient feature of this proposed control scheme lies in its simplicity and the small number of required measurements, that is, only the air mass flow rate, the pressure and temperature in the intake manifold, and the measured AFR value are used. Practical experiments on a Tata Motors Limited two-cylinder gasoline engine are carried out under a realistic driving cycle. The comparative results show that the proposed control can achieve an improved AFR control response and reduced emissions. Index Terms-Air-fuel ratio (AFR) control, lambda sensor, spark ignition (SI) engines, unknown dynamics estimator. I. INTRODUCTION T HE requirement for engine emissions has become more stringent in recent years. To reduce emissions, spark ignition (SI) engines are usually configured with a three-way catalyst (TWC) to convert the pollutant exhaust into innocuous gases [1]. However, it is of great importance that the airfuel ratio (AFR) in the combustion chamber is maintained at the ideal value because the catalyst conversion efficiency,

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