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Background: The most frequent cancer in women is breast cancer (BC), which unfortunately have a high mortality in Sudan whereas the most of patients are diagnosed at late stages of this disease sequence either due to a lack of awareness or unviability of screening programs. objective: to asses of the knowledge and awareness of breast cancer detection among Sudanese women 2022 - 2023. Material and Methods: a community representative descriptive cross - sectional study of women aged 17 to 70 years in different Sudanese provinces were included using semi-structural interviewed questionnaire. Results: out of 200 participants, mean age 39.8 (±12.13) years and the majority of them were aged between 41 and 50 years 54 (27%). 120 (60%) had no prior experience with breast cancer at all and 73 (36.5%) had never heard of breast self-examination for BC. The study resulted that the dominant of interviewed women 181 (90.5%) had a good awareness of breast cancer, 161 (80.5%) believed that breast screening must require for early detection of breast tumors. Breast changes, discharge and lump pain were the common prevalent reasons for breast screening in this study 95 (38.7%), 46 (18.7%) and 45 (18.3). It was clear that education level has a significant effect in the level of knowledge of breast cancer and its diagnostic screening tools among participants, with graduated women having adequate knowledge in comparison to whom not graduated women 92 (50.5%) and 89 (49.2%) (p value = 0.004 < 0.05). As well, the central resident participants had a good knowledge about breast cancer 112 (70 %) in compare with other residents. Conclusion: awareness and knowledge of BC detection increase with increasing educational level and central urban living, there is an urgent need for an intensive breast cancer awareness programs and the availability of screening centers authorities in Sudanese periphery areas.

Texture analysis can be used as a classification approach to describe microscopic changes in the liver. In our study, a total of 260 patients aged 4 to 90 underwent successful liver ultrasound examinations using a General Electric ultrasound machine (21045-87) with a 3.5MHz curve-linear transducer, typically used to scan the liver. The liver was scanned in multiple planes (transverse, sagittal, and oblique) to analyze the lesion based on shape, position, size, and echogenicity. Then the pictures were retrieved and classified into 5 categories: normal, a liver cyst, a hydatid cyst, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and liver metastases. All pictures were 512 x512 pixels with 8-bit gray-level and were encoded in DICOM format; then three FOS features (mean, entropy, and energy, obtained from the intensity function of the images) were calculated for each ROI through all images using a 3x3 window size, and the data were processed for stepwise linear discriminant (SW-LD) analysis. The classification matrix of the original and predicted groups, using the discriminant function, presents the classification accuracy of each class in which 99.2% of normal liver was correctly classified and 75.6%, 81.4%, 100.0%, and 100.0% classification sensitivity for liver cyst, HCC, hydatid cyst, and liver metastases, respectively, with the highest predictive overall accuracy of 89.1%.

Background: The most frequent cancer in women is breast cancer (BC), which unfortunately has high mortality in Sudan whereas most of the patients are diagnosed at late stages of this disease sequence either due to a lack of awareness or unavailability of screening programs. objective: to asses of the knowledge and awareness of breast cancer detection among Sudanese women 2022 - 2023. Material and Methods: a community representative descriptive cross-sectional study of women aged 17 to 70 years in different Sudanese provinces was included using a semi-structural interview questionnaire. Results: out of 200 participants, the mean age was 39.8 (±12.13) years and the majority of them were aged between 41 and 50 years 54 (27%). 120 (60%) had no prior experience with breast cancer at all and 73 (36.5%) had never heard of breast self-examination for BC. The study resulted that the dominant of interviewed women 181 (90.5%) had a good awareness of breast cancer, and 161 (80.5%) believed that breast screening must require for the early detection of breast tumors. Breast changes, discharge, and lump pain were the most common prevalent reasons for breast screening in this study 95 (38.7%), 46 (18.7%), and 45 (18.3). It was clear that education level has a significant effect on the level of knowledge of breast cancer and its diagnostic screening tools among participants, with graduated women having adequate knowledge in comparison to those not graduated women 92 (50.5%) and 89 (49.2%) (p-value = 0.004 < 0.05). As well, the central resident participants had good knowledge about breast cancer 112 (70 %) in comparison with other residents. Conclusion: awareness and knowledge of BC detection increase with increasing educational levels and central urban living, there is an urgent need for intensive breast cancer awareness programs and the availability of screening centers authorities in Sudanese periphery areas.

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