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Objective: We aim in this study to analyze the relationship between NOS3 -786T/C, a common genetic variant and HTN in a sample of the Algerian population of the Oran city. Design and method: A case-control study has been performed on 154 subjects including 77 hypertensives and 77 normotensives. The recruitment of these subjects was done in local Health Centers of the city of Oran, West Algeria. Consent was obtained from all participants. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with restrictive fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was used to genotype the NOS -786T/C variant. Results: The distribution of the allelic frequencies did not differ between cases and controls. However, after adjustment with the age, sex, and body mass index, we observed a significant association between NOS -786C allele and HTN status. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the C allele of the NOS3 gene is associated with an increased risk of essential hypertension in this sample of the Algerian population of Oran city.