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Varicocele has a common association with male infertility, but its exact role is still debated. Apoptosis has been suggested as one of the mechanisms of varicocele-associated infertility. Granulysin is a molecule that plays a role in apoptosis with no previous study about its role in male infertility. This case-controlled study aimed to assess seminal plasma granulysin level in infertile patients with varicocele. This study involved 90 men that were allocated into fertile normozoospermic men (n = 20), infertile men without varicocele (n = 30) and infertile men with varicocele (n = 40). These men were subjected to history taking, clinical examination, semen analysis and estimation of seminal granulysin. In general, seminal granulysin level was significantly elevated in infertile men compared with fertile men. Infertile men with varicocele showed significantly higher seminal granulysin compared with infertile men without varicocele, in bilateral varicocele cases and in grade III varicocele. Seminal granulysin level was negatively correlated with sperm concentration, sperm motility, sperm normal forms percentage and testicular volumes. It is concluded that increased seminal granulysin has a negative impact on spermatogenesis in infertile men in general and in infertile men associated with varicocele in particular.

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Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) which is also known as androgenic alopecia or male pattern baldness, is the most common type of progressive hair loss. Male androgenetic alopecia (MAA) is the most common form of hair loss in men, affecting 30-50% of men by age 50. Male androgenetic alopecia (MAA) occurs in a highly reproducible pattern, preferentially affecting the temples, vertex and mid frontal scalp.To estimate the Serum Amyloid A3 (SAA3) in young male patients with AGA and studying the relationship between the level of SAA3 and atherosclerosis. The investigation was done after endorsement by the Ethics advisory group on Research at Faculty of Medicine, Benha University. A composed educated assent was acquired from every member. This examination was a cross sectional case similar investigation. All patients chose from Outpatient Clinic of Dermatology, Venerology and Andrology Department of Benha University Hospitals. This examination was begun at January 2019 to June 2019.We found that the patients with grade III and IV androgenetic alopecia with family ancestry of heart illnesses and raised lipid profile levels had critical height of serum amyloid A3 than different gatherings. Male patients underneath age of 30 years with AGA exceptionally grade III, IV had raised SAA3 and have more dangers to create blood vessel atherosclerotic illness later on than the people without AGA at a similar age gathering.