Objectives:The objective of the study was to evaluate fluoride release and water sorption of three flowable esthetic restorative materials: a giomer, a fluoride-releasing resin composite, and a nonfluoridated resin composite.Materials and Methods:Ten samples from a giomer, a fluoride releasing nano-hybrid, and a nonfluoridated nano-hybrid composite were prepared and immersed in deionized water. Fluoride measurements were done using an ion-specific electrode attached to a microprocessor-based fluoride meter after 1 day, 1 week, and 4 weeks. Another thirty samples were made and placed in desiccators. Water sorption was calculated by weighing the specimens before and after water immersion for 1 day, 1 week, and 4 weeks. Data analysis was done using two-way ANOVA, paired t-test (P < 0.05), and Pearson's correlation coefficient to calculate correlations between fluoride release and water sorption.Results:The highest fluoride release was from giomer after 1 day, it was statistically significant from all other groups. Both nano-hybrid composites after 1 day showed significantly lower water sorption which was different than all the other groups. Pearson's correlation showed no significant correlations between fluoride release and water sorption.Conclusions:Fluoride release is material and time dependent, while water sorption is material dependent.

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Objective: to compare the clinical performance of newly introduced resin modified glass ionomer varnish (Clinpro™ XT) versus resin infiltration in treatment of post-orthodontic white spot lesions. Material and Methods: Six participants (70 teeth) were enrolled with post-orthodontic white spot lesions. Randomization was performed according to patient selection for the sealed envelope containing which half will receive the control (resin infiltration (ICON, DMG) and the other will receive the intervention (resin modified glass-ionomer cement varnish (Clinpro™ XT, 3M)). Follow up was done after 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months, 6 months and 12 months. The color was assessed by spectrophotometer while the degree of demineralization was measured by Diagnodent pen 2910. Patient satisfaction was assessed using (VAS) Visual analogue scale. Results: Regarding color change, significant improvement in lightness for ICON group, while Clinpro™ XT group, the change was insignificant. The demineralization data revealed significant decrease in demineralization with resin infiltration after immediate application. Clinpro™ XT showed also significant decrease after immediate assessment and significant increase in demineralization in 6 and 12 months. Conclusion: Resin infiltration can be considered more as an alternative treatment rather than fluoride varnish. Clinpro™ XTis considered as a preventive protocol, provided that renewal application is needed after 3 months. Keywords 3M Resin cement; Resin cements; Glass ionomer cements; Fluorides; Follow up studies; Glass ionomer.

AIM:This study aimed to investigate laymen knowledge of the existence of the buccal corridor and whether it was an important factor for them in judging smile attractiveness and the effect of introducing the knowledge to them on their further judgment.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Nine subjects were randomly selected with variable buccal corridor percentages. They were coached to smile in a posed fashion and full face smile photographs were taken from a standardised distance. The photographs were randomly arranged in a power point presentation and displayed to a panel of thirty-nine randomly selected laymen judges. The judges made their beauty judgment on a visual analogue scale (VAS) and filled a questionnaire. After their education about the buccal corridor, they were asked to make a second judgment on a second sheet with VAS and with a different random sequence of the photographs.RESULTS:Intra-class correlation agreement for all the judges between the first and second scores was 0.713. The Spearman’s rho Correlation coefficient indicated a positive correlation for all the photos. For the male judges, the agreement between the ratings was 0.839, and the correlation was positive for all the photos. For the female judges, the agreement between the ratings was 0.510, and the correlation was positive for all the photographs. Hundred percent of the judges were not familiar with the buccal corridor. Eighty percent of the female judges and 44.4% of the male judges mentioned that it would affect their further judgment.CONCLUSION:Laymen build their esthetic judgments on what we teach them, and modifying treatment plans to include corrections of buccal corridors for esthetic reasons only is a myth.

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