New or worsening TR is relatively rare after PM implantation. It is not associated with an acute worsening or clinical deterioration. But echocardiographic follow-up is recommended to monitor other complications in chronic phase.

A 55-year-old male with structurally normal heart presented with sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) and was cardioverted into sinus rhythm revealing a right bundle branch block pattern at baseline electrocardiography. Sustained monomorphic and nonsustained polymorphic VT were reproducibly inducible during electrophysiological study. During the diagnostic workup, the patient experienced fever due to hospital based pneumonia, which unmasked typical ST segment changes of Brugada syndrome. In the intensive care unit, fever became intractable leading to incessant monomorphic VT, which was resistant to all medical manoeuvers resulting in the patient's death.

Our study showed that interdialytic volume overload increased both LVMI and FGF-23 values. We can consider that interdialytic volume control exerts positive effects on increased FGF-23 levels which predict the negative cardiovascular outcomes.

Anomalous coronary artery (ACA) has either an unusual origin or different anatomical course and is associated with sudden cardiac death. The absence or nonspecifi c symptoms of ACA make its diagnosis diffi cult. Mostly, ACA is diagnosed coincidentally during invasive coronary angiogram (ICA). A conventional computed tomography (CT) cannot provide detailed images of coronary arteries of the moving heart, but 64-slice CT, with its short acquisition time, can provide detailed anatomy of coronary arteries non-invasively. In this study, we assessed the validity of contrast-enhanced 64-slice CT in the evaluation of ACA. ICA was performed in 7,574 patients for the diagnosis or evaluation of occlusive coronary artery disease and detected coronary anomalies in 56 patients (0.7%). We then performed 64-slice CT in 53 patients out of the 56 patients with demonstrated or suspected coronary anomaly, showing the origin and the course of the ACA along with stenosis, except for one patient who could not be evaluated due to image distortion artifacts. Contrast-enhanced 64-slice CT was also performed in 374 patients with vague signs and symptoms, detecting coronary anomalies in 7 patients (1.2%). Thus, in the total of 59 patients undergone 64-slice CT, we were able to visualize the entire abnormal coronary tree with a high diagnostic image quality. This is the fi rst study to demonstrate the utility of 64-slice CT in a large series of ACA. Contrast-enhanced 64-slice CT is superior to ICA to identify the presence and course of ACA and should be the fi rst line diagnostic tool in the evaluation of ACA.coronary artery anomaly; 64-slice computed tomography

Transthoracic echocardiography is a useful clinical tool for diagnosing noncompaction of both the right and left ventricular myocardium. The LVNC definition can also be utilized for RVNC, which this diagnosis has never been reported in a Turkish patient.