This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of low‐intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy (Li‐ESWT) in the management of erectile dysfunction in diabetic patients with mixed vasculogenic and neurogenic causes as confirmed by nerve conduction and Doppler studies. This randomised controlled trial included 42 patients 41–55 years of age with a confirmed diagnosis of erectile dysfunction and diabetic polyneuropathy. They were randomly allocated to one of two groups: shock wave group (n = 21) treated with Li‐ESWT plus pelvic floor muscle training and control Group (n = 21) treated with pelvic floor muscle exercise and sham therapy by a shock wave. The erectile function was scored according to the five‐item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF‐5). Colour‐coded duplex sonography was used for the evaluation of penile perfusion of the two cavernous arteries. The assessment was done before and three months after treatment. IIEF‐EF increased significantly in the study group (p < .001), but not in the control group (p = .194). Peak systolic velocity increased significantly in the two groups; however, the post‐treatment peak systolic velocity was significantly higher in the study group compared to the control group (p < .001, for both arteries).

This study aimed to assess the predictive factors of successful sperm retrieval in non‐obstructive azoospermia with a history of bilateral cryptorchidism. This retrospective study included 103 patients with azoospermia who had micro‐dissection testicular sperm extraction between January 2010 and January 2020. The median (range) age of the patients and their wives in the study group was 33 (21–44) and 24 (19–33) years, respectively. The patients with low testosterone level (<3 ng/dl) were prescribed with human chorionic gonadotropin 5,000 IU injection every 3 days for 3 months. Those with persistent low testosterone even after hormonal stimulation were excluded. Sperms were retrieved from 64 (62%) patients, whilst failed in 39 (38%) patients. On univariate analysis, the median testicular volume was significantly larger in the successful group versus the failed group (p < .001), serum FSH and serum LH were significantly lower in the successful group (p = .001), serum testosterone was significantly higher in the successful group compared to the failed group (p < .001) and the age of orchidopexy was lower in the successful group versus the failed group (p = .016). On multivariate analysis, the average testicular volume and the serum testosterone levels were independent factors for successful sperm retrieval.

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