IntroductionOlder adults with chronic disease are more vulnerable to abuse. Early and accurate detection of the elderly abuse phenomenon can help identify health-promoting solutions for the elderly, their family, and society. The purpose of this study was to design and evaluate the psychometric properties of a questionnaire on elderly abuse by family caregivers among older adults on hemodialysis.MethodsQualitative and quantitative research methodologies were used to develop the questionnaire. The item pool was compiled from literature reviews and the Delphi method. The literature reviews comprised 22 studies. The psychometric properties of the questionnaire were verified using face, content, and construct validity, and the reliability was tested using Cronbach’s alpha reliability.ResultsA 57-item questionnaire was developed after the psychometric evaluation. The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin index and Bartlett’s test of sphericity showed reliable results. Seven components from the exploratory content analysis including psychological misbehavior, authority deprivation, physical misbehavior, financial misbehavior, being abandoned, caring neglect, and emotional misbehavior explained 74.769% of the total variance. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.98 and the interclass correlation coefficient was r=0.91 responding to the items twice (p<0.001), which shows a high level of tool stability.ConclusionThis study developed a questionnaire to assess elderly abuse by family caregivers among older adults on hemodialysis. It is recommended as a mini scale that can be used both in statistical and practical studies, and that is valid and reliable. Nurses or other health care providers can use it in health centers, dialysis centers, or at the house of the patient.

Introduction: Knowledge of nurses regarding elder abuse can be helpful in decisions about on-time and appropriate interventions. Our aim was to assess the relationship between recognition of nursing staff toward elder abuse and their attitudes, and performance in dealing with elder abuse induced by Iranian family caregivers. Methods: In this descriptive study, 400 nurses were selected, using cluster sampling, from nurses working in public or private hospitals in Iran. Data collection was performed using questionnaires measuring elder abuse symptom recognition, attitudes, and performance. Results: There is a significant relationship between the total scores for recognition of symptoms and elder abuse potential risk factors (p=0.05) and the nurses’ attitudes and performance scores (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference between the nurses’ performance and recognition scores (p = 0.14). Conclusion: Interventions to promote nurses’ recognition via in-service educational programs can improve nurses’ performance in different levels of abuse prevention and the quality of nursing care for the elderly.

Background The objectives of the present study were to determine the prevalence of older adults with hemodialysis (HD) abuse by family caregivers and the factors affecting it. Method This is a correlational-causal study, which is conducted in 2018 in Iran. The sample size was 367 in both groups (the older adults and their family caregivers). Data collection was done using an individual-social information questionnaire for the older adults under hemodialysis and their family caregivers, the questionnaire of elder abuse by family caregivers to the older people under hemodialysis, Zarit Burden Interview and the scale of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Data were analyzed by the structural equation model (SEM) method. The Fitness of proposed pattern was measured using the following indexes: chi-square/degree of freedom ratio (CMIN/DF), Normed Fit Index (NFI), comparative fit index (CFI), goodness of fit index (GFI), and standardized root mean squared residual (SRMR). The significant level in this study was considered p < 0.05. Results The results of the present study showed that more than 70 % of the older adults suffer from elder abuse by family caregivers on average. The highest median elder abuse was related to emotional misbehavior (21.46 ± 6.09) and financial misbehavior (19.07 ± 5.33), respectively. Moderate care burden was experienced by 63.2 % of caregivers. The percentage of older women and men, who needed help with daily activities was 81.4 and 80.5 %, respectively. The results showed that the caregivers’ level of education and care burden with standard beta coefficient of -0.251 and 0.200 and the educational level of older adults and IADL with the best beta coefficient of -0.299 and − 0.234, had the highest regression effect on elder abuse respectively. According to the results, the model-fit indices of the hypothesized model was meet the criteria, with the NFI = 0.951, GFI = 0.970, CFI = 0.967, and SRMR = 0.041. The outcome was suitable for the recommended level, so the hypothetical model appeared to fit the data. Conclusions The results of the present study showed that the prevalence of elder abuse by family caregivers among the older adults under hemodialysis is high. Providing psychological counseling can reduce the consequences of elder abuse.

Introduction: Exploring the nurses’ recognition of elder abuse and related signs may lead to the knowledge development solutions through the In-Service programs. To develop an instrument for the assessment of nurses’ recognition of elder abuse by family caregivers within the Iranian context and psychometrically evaluate its reliability and validity. Methods: The sequential combination exploratory mixed methods design was used to develop the questionnaire format, which involved two sections: the quantitative and qualitative step. The qualitative step included probing the Nurses’ recognition of elder abuse by family caregivers in two steps including the literature and related tools review and semi-structured interviews with nurses. The quantitative step was accomplished in two parts. The validity of questionnaire was checked using face, content, construct, and formal validity; and the reliability was probed using cronbach’s alpha reliability. The analyzed data were categorized into 67 items (three main groups namely evident signs of abuse, elder’s potential to get abused, and family caregiver’s potential to abuse and 6 sub-groups including inadvertency, physical abuse, financial misconduct, psychological abuse, sexual abuse, and risk factors). Three components from the exploratory content analysis gained 58.8% variance totally. The cronbach’s alpha for the 3 components were 0.79, 0.76, and 0.78, respectively. Results: The questionnaire on the nurses’ recognition of elder abuse by family caregiver can be applied to a wide variety of settings because of the broad range of methods utilised to generate items and domains, its comprehensive consideration of the principles of elder abuse, and its initial reliability and validity.