As the essence of health in humans, spiritual health is a fundamental concept for discussing chronic diseases such as cancer and a major approach for improving quality of life in patients is through creating meaningfulness and purpose. The present descriptive analytical study was conducted to assess the relationship between spiritual health and quality of life in 210 patients with cancer admitted to the Cancer Institute of Iran, selected through convenience sampling in 2014. Data were collected using Spiritual Health Questionnaire and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ). Patients' performance was assessed through the Karnofsky Performance Status Indicator and their cognitive status through the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Data were analyzed in SPSS-16 using descriptive statistics and stepwise linear regression. The results obtained reported the mean and standard deviation of the patients' spiritual health scoreas 78.4±16.1and the mean and standard deviation of their quality of life score as 58.1±18.7. The stepwise linear regression analysis confirmed a positive and significant relationship between spiritual health and quality of life in patients with cancer (β=0.688 and r=0.00). The results of the study show that spiritual health should be more emphasized and reinforced as a factor involved in improving quality of life in patients with cancer. Designing care therapies and spiritual interventions is a priority in the treatment of these patients.

Background Family caregivers of hemodialysis patients are the first and most crucial source of care at home. They experience many problems in the care of hemodialysis patients, which can affect their quality of life and hope, affecting the quality of care provided to patients. This study aimed to determine the relationship between quality of life and hope in family caregivers of hemodialysis patients. Methods A cross-sectional (descriptive-analytical) study performed on 300 family caregivers in the east of Mazandaran province in Iran. Data were collected using the Family Caregiver Quality of Life (FQOL), SF8 and adult hope scale. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16, and a P-value of below 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The results showed that, there was a direct and significant relationship between hope and quality of life. However, the quality of life was significantly lower in suburban residents, the unemployed, spouses, people with lower education and income levels, caregivers who cannot leave their patients alone, those living with their patients in the same house, and those taking care of male patients, compared to other participants (P < 0.05). Suburban residents, the unemployed, people with an insufficient level of income, and those living with their patients in the same house had significantly lower hope, compared to other subjects. Conclusion Since an increase of hope and quality of life of caregivers can cause improved quality of patient care, it is recommended that hope-based educational programs and interventions be implemented for caregivers.

The main purpose of the study was to gather, analyze and interpret the perceptions of the students about mastery learning (ML) held by 240 students randomly selected from each of the populations of different faculties in Guilan University. Guilan University was chosen because the researchers have some valuable experiences about English learning and are familiar with students’ weakness in English learning. The students of high ability were allocated to “A” and “B” classes, average to “C” and “D” classes and low to “E” and “F” classes respectively. Two Academic Staff Members were assigned to teach the six classes of English. Students could take 3 classes with each academic. Results showed that based on research results on deep and surface, biased learners increasingly which became surface learners did worse compare with deep learners. On the other hand, surface students of low ability seem to be motivated to study as they are given more chances to secure a pass. Thus, although the findings of this paper indicate that mastery learning promotes better quantitative results in English for surface learners, there are dangers. One of the main aims of learning to increase higher level cognitive processes seems actually to be discouraged in this mode

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The present study reports the preparation, characterization, and investigation of properties of DNR/f-Al 2 O 3 nanocomposites through an in situ emulsion polymerization technique. The method consists of the dispersion of pretreated nanoalumina (f-Al 2 O 3 NPs) onto deproteinized natural rubber (DNR) latex, followed by the polymerization reaction with the K 2 S 2 O 8 /K 2 S 2 O 5 redox initiation system, after deproteinization of natural rubber using urea in the presence of a surfactant.