The unique features of quantum theory offer a powerful new paradigm for information processing. Translating these mathematical abstractions into useful algorithms and applications requires quantum systems with significant complexity and sufficiently low error rates. Such quantum systems must be made from robust hardware that can coherently store, process, and extract the encoded information, as well as possess effective quantum error correction (QEC) protocols to detect and correct errors. Circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED) provides a promising hardware platform for implementing robust quantum devices. In particular, bosonic encodings in cQED that use multi-photon states of superconducting cavities to encode information have shown success in realizing hardware-efficient QEC. Here, we review recent developments in the theory and implementation of QEC with bosonic codes and report the progress made toward realizing fault-tolerant quantum information processing with cQED devices.

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This paper is all about Design of Electric Vehicle. The growing development in the field of Electric vehicle in the need of the hour. In effort to save the environment and reduce our dependence on foreign oil, we planned of designing an Electric vehicle which can be used in conversion of any basic IC engine vehicle. Rapid climatic change, advances in renewable energy, rapid urbanization, battery chemistry and energy security are the result of developing an electric vehicle. In this paper we have consider most of the design aspect of electric vehicle and checked the results using a simulation software named modelica. This software enables us to have various drive trains, load dynamics and torque analysis. The Electric vehicles are environmental friendly, less expensive low maintenance, tend to be quiet, potential for tax credits and benefits to the utilities. IC engines automobiles emit harmful gases which are dangerous to health on other hand the electric vehicles emit hardly any harmful gases. NOMENCLATURE