Afforestation is one of the most important means to protect cities from climatic conditions. It is proper for cities like Ramadi (the study sample) to face extreme weather during summer. This study was conducted to rely on afforestation to improve Ramadi's climate and identifying plants species that are suitable for planting as well as clarify the way on how to implement afforestation projects inside and outside the city. The study found that the city suffers from high temperatures, low rainfall, relative humidity and blowing warm dry wind loaded with dust. This is a result of the lack of afforestation inside and outside the city, as well as the lack of experience in selecting and cultivating suitable vegetation for the climate and soils of the city, The results showed the great role of afforestation in certain environments in addition to identifying appropriate plant species for the climate and soils of Ramadi, the development of scientific steps to implement afforestation projects, plus a number of recommendations that would raise environmental, functional and engineering efficiency of afforestation planning.