Undershot waterwheels have been used by the people in rural areas to lift and distribute the water to the bottom which is higher than the water source. Waterwheels has a relatively simple design, large diameter, high speed and high torque. But applying it as a microhydro with high speed and small diameter still has to be explored. Waterwheels can operate efficiently in locations with high flow speeds. The Waterwheel functions from a waterwheel blade as a place to ride water so that the wheel can spin. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the higher the flow of water with a large number of buckets, the speed of rotation of the wheel will be slower. Conversely, the lower the flow of water with the number of buckets a little then the spinning wheel is faster.

Kincir air undershot adalah jenis kincir air tertua, kincir air vertikal dengan poros horizontal yang berputar dengan dorongan air yang terus menerus mengalir di bawah kincir pada sudu. Pembuatannya relatif sederhana dan murah, telah banyak digunakan kincir air undershot dapat digunakan untuk irigasi, sebagai pompa distribusi air, pembangkit listrik, penghasil energi murah, pengolahan hasil pertanian, meningkatkan produktivitas pertanian dan dapat digunakan sebagai objek wisata . Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kincir air untuk kebutuhan irigasi di wilayah Patongloan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pengujian undershot pada kebutuhan irigasi, dengan diperoleh kinerja kincir air dengan kecepatan aliran maksimum 3,47 m/s, luas penampang saluran maksimum 0,17 m2. dan debit maksimum 0,5833 m3/s. Daya air maksimum sebesar 1659,52 watt, gaya fluida yang mengenai sudu sebesar 331,55 N dan torsi sebesar 629,94 Nm serta daya maksimum turbin sebesar 1232,97 watt dan efisiensi sebesar 74,296%. Kincir air ini dapat menghasilkan volume air maksimal 0,0182 m3 dalam waktu 2 menit atau setara dengan 18,2 liter dalam waktu 2 menit.

Steel is one of the most widely used metals in engineering. There are several things that make this material widely used by humans, among others, the amount is quite abundant in nature, usually still in the form of iron ore or pure iron. It has good mechanical properties (strength and ductility), is easy to work with either the casting method or the machining method so that it can be made according to human wishes, and the price is relatively cheap. This study aims to determine the tensile strength and microstructure of ST. 37 steel which undergoes a process carburizing using coal powder with variations of two temperatures, namely 550 °C and 900 °C. The method used in this research is experimental. The first experiment by testing the tensile and the second experiment by observing the microstructure of steel ST. 37, which has been through a heating temperature of 550 °C and 900 °C. The test results showed that the higher the temperature given in the specimen, the greater the value of the pull-yielding, maximum, and fracture that occurs in the specimen. The tensile strength of steel that has undergone a carburizing process is higher than that of steel that has not undergone a carburizing process. The microstructure after the carburizing process shows that the higher the temperature applied during the carburizing process, the atoms contained therein will change according to the given temperature.