Skin is the largest organ of the integumentary system. The overall well-being& perception of health in humans, very much depends on skin health & beauty. Skin plays a vital role in immunity& protects the body against pathogens, maintains water and electrolyte balance & also regulates body temperature. Epidermis is the protective covering over the body surface which serves as a barrier to infection. Thinning of this epidermal layer, loosening of collagen & elastic fiber, leads to the wrinkle formation and causes ageing. Ageing occurs due to the intrinsic factors like genetics, cellular metabolism, hormone & metabolic process or extrinsic factors like sun exposure, smoking, diet and pollution. In this era of modern science, people choose natural herbs rather than plastic surgery or laser therapy for not only looking younger but also to reduce complications. Herbs help in biological functioning of the skin & supplies nutrients required for healthy skin. Herbs contain several phytochemicals like carotenoids, terpenoids, polyphenols which possesses anti-aging activity. A few herb which shows anti-aging activity includes, Aloe, Cucumber, Ginseng, Honey, Wheat, Liquorice, Arjuna, Jatamansi etc.

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Background: Analytical techniques play a vital role in developing patient-friendly dosage forms in the pharmaceutical industry. Presently, numerous sophisticated and highly delicate modern analytical instruments are available in pharmaceutical industries to assess active pharmaceutical ingredients or other excipients present in different pharmaceutical matrices and biological fluids. Assortment of the most suitable analytical techniques for analysing any component during the drug development process is challenging as it affects the final product's quality, safety, and efficacy. Introduction: Tadalafil (TDL) is the most flexible second-generation Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor. It treats erectile dysfunction, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and pulmonary arterial hypertension as first-line therapy, either alone or with other medications. This review paper aims to highlight the varieties of new analytical techniques (like UV-Visible spectroscopic technique, HPLC, HPTLC, Electroanalytical technique, Spectrofluorimetry, GC-MS, LC-MS) that have been reported for quantification of TDL as a single or in the combined form present in bulk material as well as in different biological or pharmaceutical matrices, their pros and cons, and future potential of such methods. Conclusion: This article's reported methods are accurate, sensitive, and cost-effective. Applying AQbD and green analytical chemistry with greener organic solvents and reagents in some of the reported methods opens a new era of analytical method development that will aid in future growth for the estimation of TDL.

Background: Herbal medicines are one of the giant creations of nature. Several medicinal agents developed from natural sources, which open a new era of health sciences. Cassia sophera is a prevalent medicinal plant that is locally known as “Kasondi”, belonging to the family Caesalpinaceae. Many secondary metabolites like alkaloids, tannins, anthraquinones, flavonoids are isolated from roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and seeds of C. sophera, which are very effective against several diseases. Objective: Cassia sophera has an enormous potential in public health to protect from diabetes, microbes, and cancer. Hence, the aim of the present review is to collect the reported antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and anticancer activity of Cassia sophera along with detailed discussion about mechanism of action of various phytoconstituents. Discussion: Antidiabetic activity of Cassia sophera is due to the activation of β cell and stimulation of surviving pancreatic β-cells to release more insulin. Plasma membrane disruption, inhibition of cell wall formation, inhibition of cell division by the Cassia sophera is the prime causes of antimicrobial activity. The anticancer activity of the plant is mainly due to the prevention of reactive oxygen species formation, induction of cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Conclusions: The findings from this review article confirm the potential activities and mechanisms of various phytoconstituents responsible for preventing diabetes, cancer, and microbial infections. Further investigation regarding possible pharmaceutical side effects, contraindications, drug interactions involving drug synthesized from C. sophera should be carried out by the researchers.

The application of various sophisticated analytical tools and techniques is essential for estimating an active pharmaceutical ingredient present in either biofluids or pharmaceutical dosage forms. Reporting the multiple analytical methods used to quantify esomeprazole magnesium trihydrate, a proton pump inhibitor, is the ultimate goal of this review article. This article deals with a detailed discussion of different reported analytical procedures along with their pros and cons and their relevant criteria for quantifying the drug. Various analytical techniques like UV-Visible spectrophotometry, HPLC, HPTLC, hyphenated techniques, etc., are developed to assess the esomeprazole magnesium trihydrate in bulk materials, different pharmaceutical formulations, and biological matrices. Literature survey confirmed that the hyphenated techniques and chromatographic techniques are the best tools for biological matrices. Spectroscopic methods like UV and visible techniques are widely used for pharmaceutical matrices. All of the reported methods are accurate, precise, costeffective, and sensitive.