Background: Periodontal disease is one of the oral disease problems that still need attention. These diseases are among the diseases with the second highest number of sufferers after caries. Periodontitis is a multifactorial that causes inflammation of the periodontal tissue. Periodontitis is caused by bacteria that trigger infectious diseases in the supporting tissues of the teeth. Haruan fish scale chitosan has potential as an antimicrobial, because it contains lysozyme enzymes and aminopolysacharida groups that can inhibit microbial growth. Haruan fish scale chitosan in suppressing bacterial growth is due to its positively charged polycation. Objective: To analyze whether haruan fish scale chitosan is toxic at concentrations of 20%, 40%, 75% and 100% against vero cells. Methods: This study used a true experimental type with a post-test-only design with a control group design to test the toxicity of chitosan do vero cell with concentrations 20%, 40%, 75% and 100% using MTT assay method. The study used 4 treatment groups and 2 control groups with 4 repetitions. Data analyzed with probit analyisis. Results: The largest cell viability values were concentrations of 100% and 75% of 100%, 40% of 81.4% and 20% concentration of 68.1%. Chitosan with concentrations of 20%, 40%, 75% and 100% was said to be non-toxic due to cell viability 60%. Value IC50 93103,354 μg/mL > 1000 μg/mL categorized non-toxic. Conclusion: Haruan fish scale chitosan with concentrations of 20%, 40%, 75% and 100% against vero was tested to vero cells was not have toxic effect. Keywords: Chitosan, Toxicity, Vero cells. ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Penyakit periodontal termasuk penyakit dengan penderita tertinggi kedua setelah karies. Periodontitis merupakan penyakit peradangan jaringan periodontal. Periodontitis disebabkan oleh bakteri pemicu infeksi pada jaringan penyangga gigi. Kitosan sisik ikan haruan memilki potensi sebagai antimikroba, karena mengandung enzim lysosim dan gugus aminopolysacharida yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan mikroba. Kitosan sisik ikan haruan menekan pertumbuhan bakteri karena memiliki polikation bermuatan positif. Tujuan: Menganalisis apakah kitosan sisik ikan haruan bersifat toksik pada konsentrasi 20%, 40%, 75% dan 100% terhadap sel vero. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis true experimental dengan rancangan post test-only with control group design untuk menguji toksisitas kitosan sisik ikan haruan terhadap sel vero demam konsentrasi 20%, 40%, 75% dan 100% dengan metode MTT assay. Penelitian menggunakan 4 kelompok perlakuan dan 2 kelompok kontrol dengan 4 pengulangan. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis probit. Hasil: Nilai viabilitas sel terbesar adalah konsentrasi 100% dan 75% sebesar 100%, 40% sebesar 81,4% dan konsentrasi 20% sebesar 68,1%. Kitosan dengan konsentrasi 20%, 40%, 75% dan 100% dikatakan tidak toksik dikarenakan viabilitas sel ≥ 60%. Nilai IC50 93103,354 μg/mL > 1000 μg/mL termasuk kategori tidak toksik. Kesimpulan: Kitosan sisik ikan haruan dengan konsentrasi 20%, 40%, 75% dan 100% yang diujikan terhadap sel vero tidak memiliki sifat toksik. Kata kunci: Kitosan, Sel Vero, Toksisitas.
Background:Regarding to the data generated by Basic Health Research in 2018, the prevalence of Indonesian people with dental and oral problems was amounted to 57.6%. Haruan fish scale chitosan has been shown to be capable of inhibiting growth and killing microorganisms that cause oral disease and has the potential to become a safe biomaterial. Toxicity testing was carried out to ensure safety of the chemical compounds before they can be used as drugs or during clinical trials. Purpose:This research was intended to analyze the toxicity of haruan fish scales (Channa striata) chitosan on BHK-21 fibroblast cells by utilizing the MTT assay method. Method:This research was classified as a true experimental research by adopting a post-test-only design with a control group design consisting of 6 groups. The treatment of haruan fish scale chitosan was given to 4 groups with concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, with 2 control groups, specifically cell control and media control. The absorbance value was read by means of ELISA reader and the percentage of cell viability was subsequently calculated. The results of the average percentage of cell viability were then analyzed using SPSS to obtain the IC50 value. Result:The calculation of the average cell viability of each concentration was successfully obtained in this research. The average cell viability at 25% concentration was 2.106%, at 50% concentration was 12.01%, at 75% concentration was 77%, and at 100% concentration was 80.194%. The average percentage of cell viability data was further entered into the SPSS software and the value of IC50> 1000 µg/mL was successfully obtained. Conclusion: Haruan fish chitosan (Channa striata) is not toxic to BHK-21 fibroblas cell. Keywords : Channa striata , Fibroblast cell, Scale chitosan, Toxicity test.
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