Ponce-Ayala et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 4.0., which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Background: Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are pathologic communications between veins and arteries of the brain vasculature. Its spontaneous regression is rare, and many factors have been described in the effort to explain this phenomenon, including a hypercoagulable state. Case Description: We present the case of a spontaneous unruptured AVM regression in a patient where thrombosis of the malformation was found, probably due to a prothrombotic state associated with multiple myeloma (MM). Conclusion: We aim to contribute to the study of this rare phenomenon, presenting the relationship between a hypercoagulable state caused by MM and the spontaneous AVM regression that has not been previously reported.

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Hypothalamic cavernous malformation (HCM) is rare, and to our knowledge, there are only 28 cases reported in the literature.An 18-year-old male presented two years ago with a severe headache followed by right eye blindness. Following imaging studies, a bleeding hypothalamic cavernoma was discovered together with another incidental cavernoma in the brain. We sustained the diagnosis of cavernomatosis, and conservative treatment was indicated. A year later, he presented severe headache and vomit; for this reason, the patient underwent a new MRI which showed a new bleeding episode of the HCM lesion. We carried out an endocrinological assessment, and microsurgical resection was recommended. Although visual impairment persisted as expected in the postoperative period, he showed good clinical recovery overall.Hypothalamic location of a cavernous malformation is infrequent, accounting for only 1% or less of these lesions, and are known to cause a variety of symptoms inducing headache, visual disturbance, and less frequently, hypothalamus dysfunction. Surgical intervention can be considered after a second symptomatic bleed, always assessing the risk of non-favorable postsurgical outcomes against the intrinsic risk that these malformations imply.Case reports like this are essential to reach a consensus towards the best treatment option for HCM.