During the development of new health care policies, quality improvement teams can face the challenge of weighing differing opinions within the group that can hinder progress. It is essential in such cases to refer to the four keys principles of quality improvement (QI) as a guide to enhance group cooperation and promote development of the mutual objective. Co-production is a model that emphasizes the participation of the patient-a service receiver-in the production of services being rendered by the health care professional. By putting into practice the QI principles and using the model of co-production, quality improvement teams can improve efficiency of health systems and clinical outcomes. CaseDr. Stevens chairs her institution's quality improvement council, a group dedicated to implementing hospital policies and procedures that promote optimal resource utilization and best possible clinical outcomes for patients. Every month, a multidisciplinary group of clinicians and administrators meet to discuss progress of recent quality improvement efforts. A particular area of concern has to do with reducing falls among inpatients. Falls can be catastrophic for some patients and can result in increased morbidity. Once they've happened, they can be difficult and costly to manage, and they can influence reimbursement.The quality improvement council hopes to implement and optimize fall prevention initiatives to reduce patients' risk. After several months of planning, Dr. Tarib, a hospitalist, and Mr. Collins, a nurse informaticist, propose a plan that seeks to better integrate the roles of nurses, physical therapists, occupational therapists, medical assistants, and medical students into rehabilitation programs devoted to facilitating patients' walking. A goal of this plan is to integrate effective fall prevention strategies throughout patients' rehabilitation programs.Dr. Stevens notices that the quality improvement council represents many organizational stakeholders whose input is regarded as necessary for implementing new initiatives but does not include former patients. She has read in a recent article that patient