A bstract Aim Skeletal class III malocclusion are the most challenging orthodontic problem to treat. Diagnosis and treatment in early stage was important to boost self-esteem of patient. Our aim was to correct skeletal relationship and anterior crossbite to enhance the growth of maxilla. Background Class III malocclusion can be due to retrognathic maxilla, prognathic mandible or combination. Complexity of class III malocclusion depends upon abnormal growth pattern of maxilla and mandible. Maxilla growth ceases around 8–10 years and mandible continue till 16 years. Early intervention boosts self-esteem of the patient. Case description This case presents with clinical feature of retrognathic maxilla at the age of six years. The patient had concave profile with incompetent lips. The mentolabial sulcus was normal and obtuse nasolabial angle with high clinical Frankfurt mandibular angle (FMA). There was reverse overjet of 1 mm. Cephalometric analysis showed a class III skeletal pattern with retrognathic maxilla and orthognathic mandible with increase in lower facial height and increases in gonial angle. The rapid maxillary expansion (RME) with reverse pull face mask was planned. The expansion screw was activated to loosen the circumaxillary suture. Conclusion After active treatment anterior crossbite was corrected. The patient sagittal discrepancy was improved. Early mixed dentition period is the best time to begin class III treatment. Clinical significance Early treatment with maxillary protraction and palatal expansion can correct most anterior–posterior skeletal discrepancy. How to cite this article Jha AK, Chandra S. Early Management of Class III Malocclusion in Mixed Dentition. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(2):331–334.

This review is based on the surgery-first approach for dentofacial deformity. This review has critically highlighted various promising aspects and factors associated with dentofacial deformity and can be viewed as valuable research work. In addition, this review highlights a systematic manner of surgery that can reduce the possible duration of treatment. The main findings of the review have established that the appropriate approaches to surgery can be beneficial for patients of any age group. The surgery-first approach is mainly utilized for tissue transfer as well as oral cancer as the first-line treatment. This critical review has successfully evaluated the limitations and advantageous traits of the specific surgery approach that has been outlined in this context. It has established the surgery approach as an effective measurement to reduce the time taken for treatment without compromising the patient's health. In the final phase of this review, the accuracy and appropriateness of this surgery-first approach have been effectively demonstrated.

Background: Previous literature data has extensively assessed the biocompatibility of various orthodontic adhesives and their components, where the results of most of the studies showed cytotoxic effects of different degrees owing to the unbound molecules released structurally from the cured components.Aim: The present in-vitro study was aimed to assess the release of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the artificial saliva from the orthodontic composites impregnated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles of 5% w/w (weight/weight) and 1% w/w used for metal brackets bonding.Methods: The study assessed 160 teeth extracted freshly during orthodontic treatment and divided into two groups of 80 samples, each that bonded to orthodontic brackets having 5% w/w and 1% w/w composites with titanium dioxide nanoparticles kept in the artificial saliva. Quantification was done for 5% w/w and 1% w/w composites having titanium nanoparticles with inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy at 24 hours, two, four, and six months.Results: It was seen that in teeth with 1% titanium dioxide, the greatest titanium release was seen at two months, with non-significant release after two months. In teeth with 5% w/w titanium dioxide nanoparticles showed significant titanium release all the time. A significantly greater titanium dioxide release on increasing concentration from 1% to 5% was seen for the 5% w/w group at all the assessment times. Conclusion:The present study concludes that a higher release of titanium is seen in 5% w/w composite containing titanium dioxide nanoparticles, and the concentrations of 1% and 5% can be safely used and are considered to be within permissible limits.