Urban air pollution is one of the most widespread global sustainability problems. Previous research has studied growth or fall of particulate matter (PM) levels using on-ground monitoring stations in urban regions. However, studying this worldwide is difficult because most cities do not have sufficient infrastructure to monitor air quality. Thus, satellite data is increasingly being employed to solve this limitation. In this paper, we use 16 years (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016) of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Angstrom exponent (α) datasets, retrieved from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) sensors on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Terra satellite to study air quality over 60 locations globally. We propose a novel technique, called AirRGB decomposition, to characterize urban air quality by decomposing AOD and α retrievals into 'components' of three distinct scenarios. In the AirRGB decomposition method, using AOD and α dataset three scenarios were investigated: 'R'-high α and high AOD, 'G'-high α and low AOD, and 'B'-low α and low AOD values. These scenarios were mapped and quantified over a triangular red, green and blue color scale. This visualization easily segregates regions having a high concentration of industrial aerosol from only natural aerosols. Our analysis indicates that a sharp divide exists between North American and European cities and Asian cities in terms of baseline pollution and slopes of R and G trends. We found that while pollution in cities in China has started to decrease (e.g., since 2011 for Beijing), it continues to increase in South Asia and Southeast Asia. e.g., R offset of Beijing and New Delhi was 54.98 and 50.43 respectively but R slope was −0.04 and 0.08 respectively. High offset (≥45) and slope (≥0.025) of B for New York, Tokyo, Sydney and Sao Paolo shows that they have clean air, which is still getting better.

As the older adult population increases globally, it is important for local governments to measure their health and well-being consistently to effectively support this group. Because definitions of subjective well-beingsuch as happiness, life satisfaction and subjective healthoverlap, it is worth considering which single-item indicator local governments can rely on to measure individual well-being. This study, therefore, explored the correlation between three single-item questionnaires on happiness, life satisfaction and subjective health used in government surveys, and established psychometric scales of happiness, life satisfaction and quality of life, and analyzed which of the three single-item indicators most effectively captured the target well-being.Methods: Randomly selected people aged ≥65 years in urban and rural areas (n = 1440) answered the questions on the Happiness Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Quality of Life scale, and the three single-item questionnaires (happiness, life satisfaction and subjective health). We analyzed the data using correlation and multiple regression analyses. Results:The results showed a high positive correlation between the scales and the singleitem questionnaires. The single-item life satisfaction and subjective health questionnaires were significantly correlated with all the three scales. Although there was not much difference in the adjusted R 2 values between putting three items jointly and separately, the value of single-item life satisfaction was the best and the subjective health was the second best. Conclusion:The results showed that the single-item life satisfaction and subjective health effectively captured the target well-being; these could be the appropriate indicators for a potential optimal index.

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Aim The aim of this study was to identify factors related to a sense of security with regard to medical and long‐term care services among middle‐aged and older adults. These are for consideration of strategies for the establishment of a community‐based integrated care system. Methods A cross‐sectional survey was conducted in 2400 men and women aged ≥40 years in two cities. Survey items included a scale for sense of security for medical and long‐term care, experience of medical and long‐term care services, and social and demographic factors. Data were analyzed using univariate and multiple regression analyses. Results In total, 945 respondents were included in the analysis. In multiple regression analysis, sense of security was significantly higher with ability to consult with medical professionals on medical and long‐term care, availability of emotional and instrumental support, norm of reciprocity in the community, community attachment, economic comfort, higher age and male gender, and significantly lower with experience of bereavement at a hospital and depression. Conclusions These findings stress the importance of facilitating consultation with medical professionals, support for caregivers of terminally ill patients, and mutual support in the community in a community‐based integrated care system. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 568–574.

The weevil Pimelocerus perforatus poses a serious pest problem for olive cultivation in Japan. Two new racemic fluorescent benzoxazines, designated as pimeforazine A ((±)-1) and pimeforazine B ((±)-2), were successfully isolated from P. perforatus. Their structures, including the absolute configurations of their resolved enantiomers, were determined using spectroscopic methods, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and electronic circular dichroism calculations. The neuroprotective activity of the isolated compounds was evaluated against hydrogen peroxide-induced cellular damage in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Compounds (±)-1 and (±)-2 exhibited neuroprotective effects.