The pandemic of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 affects millions of people worldwide. There are still many unknown aspects to this infection which affects the whole world. In addition, the potential impacts caused by this infection are still unclear. Amino acid metabolism, in particular, contains significant clues in terms of the development and prevention of many diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to compare amino acid profile of COVID-19 and healthy subject. In this study, the amino acid profiles of patients with asymptomatic, mild, moderate, and severe/critical SARS-CoV-2 infection were scanned with LC–MS/MS. The amino acid profile encompassing 30 amino acids in 142 people including 30 control and 112 COVID-19 patients was examined. 20 amino acids showed significant differences when compared to the control group in COVID-19 patient groups with different levels of severity in the statistical analyses conducted. It was detected that the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) changed in correlation with one another, and l -2-aminobutyric acid and l -phenylalanine had biomarker potential for COVID-19. Moreover, it was concluded that l -2-aminobutyric acid could provide prognostic information about the course of the disease. We believe that a new viewpoint will develop regarding the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis as a result of the evaluation of the serum amino acid profiles of COVID-19 patients. Determining l -phenylalanine and l -2-aminobutyric levels can be used in laboratories as a COVID-19-biomarker. Also, supplementing COVID patients with taurine and BCAAs can be beneficial for treatment protocols. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00726-021-03081-w.

In this study, cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) levels were determined in the tissues (muscle, liver and gills) of two fish species, Capoeta capoeta umbla and Chalcalburnus mosullensis, collected from three stations of the Karasu River. The lowest metal accumulation was detected in the muscle tissues. Moreover there was some variability in the metal concentrations measured in the same tissues from samples obtained from the three different stations. A positive correlation was observed for the concentration of metal pairs Fe-Cu, Fe-Zn, Ni-Pb, Pb-Zn. These findings were also compared with national and international food standards, and Pb and Cd concentrations were determined to be above the level set by the standards. In conclusion, it was supposed that excessive consumption of these two fish species, which already occurs in this region, might pose a public health risk.

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Monitoring water quality is one of the high priorities for the protection of water resources. Many different approaches are used to analyse and interpret the variables that determine the variance of water quality observed in various sources. Statistical methods, especially multivariate statistical techniques, constitute an important part of these approaches. In this study, ten water quality parameters, which were measured for twelve months from seven stations determined on Filyos River, were evaluated by carrying out principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) from multivariate statistical methods. In addition, dominant quality parameters designating the quality of the water source were determined. According to PCA results, 4 principal components contained the key variables and accounted for 69.49% of total variance of surface water quality from Filyos River. Dominant water quality parameters were observed to be temperature, EC, DO and pH. While the study revealed that the river is exposed to agricultural pollution alongside with the water quality character generated by the climatic conditions, it also suggested that multivariate statistical methods are useful tools in evaluating complex data sets such as water quality data, and monitoring the quality of water resources.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, koyunlarda suni tohumlama programı dahilinde gebelik teşhis yöntemi olarak kullanılan 18. günde yapılan Ultrason ve Progesteron testlerinin ve 90. Günde uygulanan Abdominal Ultrason testlerinin saha koşullarında uygulanabilirliği ve doğruluk oranlarının karşılaştırılmasıdır. Çalışmada 61 baş 2-5 yaş arası Morkaraman-İvesi ve Tuj ırkı koyunlar materyal olarak kullanıldı. Suni tohumlama programına alınan 61 baş koyunun kuzulama sonucunda 21'inin (%34,4) gebe, 40'ının (%65,6) gebe olmadığı tespit edildi. 3 farklı tanı testine ait verilere Ki-Kare analizi uygulandı ve gerçek tanı sonucu ile aralarındaki uyumun önemli olduğu (p<0.01) tespit edildi. Roc analizinde en iyi sonucu eğri altında kalan alan göz önünde bulundurulduğunda 1,00'la gebeliğin 90. günüde yapılan Abdominal Ultrason testi vermiştir. 18. günde yapılan gebelik testi ve Progesteron testi sonucunda eğri altında kalan alanlar sırasıyla 0,875 ve 0,805 olarak bulunmuştur. Uygulanan tüm analizler sonucunda en iyi sonucu veren 90. günde yapılan Abdominal Ultrason testi olmasına rağmen, 18. günde yapılan ultrasona dayalı gebelik testinin gebeliğin erken teşhisi ve saha koşullarında daha pratik bir şekilde uygulanabileceği kanısına varılmıştır.