Abstract Objectives: To assess mothers’ knowledge about quantity of ORS and zinc in management of diarrhoea. Methods: Cross sectional study conducted over a period of 4 months from May 2019 to August 2019 among mothers accompanying under five children admitted in the diarrhoea ward of The Children’s hospital Lahore for rehydration and included 334 children age 2 months to 59 months. Data was collected regarding age, sex, residence, number of children in house hold, socioeconomic status, maternal literacy status, mother’s awareness of signs of dehydration in diarrhoea, familiarity with the term oral rehydration salt (ORS) as regards its correct preparation and administration and Zinc supplementation in diarrhoea. Conclusion: Majority mothers were aware of ORS and doctors were the main source of information. Many knew the correct role of ORS in diarrhoea and its method of preparation as sachet pack was the most commonly used type. Although ORS use rate was high, but most mothers were unaware of quantity of ORS to be given. Zinc use in diarrhoea was very low in our study. Keywords: Awareness, ORS, Zinc, Diarrhoea.

Objective: To observe the various clinical presentations of empyema thoracis and evaluate its management and outcome. Study design: An observational descriptive study. Place and duration: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lady Reading Hospital from June 2001 to June 2004. Materials and methods: Clinical record of 450 patients who underwent various surgical procedures during 3 years were retrospectively analyzed. Detailed scrutiny of record was carried out to analyze the clinical presentation; various surgical procedures and outcome. Results: There were 270 (60%) male and 180 (40%) female patients. Majority of the patients 310 (68.8%) were in the age range of 20 - 40 years. Common presentation was fever (62%); cough (26%) and chest pain (11%). The duration of symptoms was less than 8 weeks in 57 % and more than 8 weeks in 42% cases. Common etiologies were pneumonia (31%), post tuberculous (37.7%), traumatic (24%) and iatrogenic (6.6%). Tube thoracostomy was the initial l ine of management in 200 patients. Decortication was required in 200 patients while 50 patients needed thoracoplasty to obliterate persistent residual pleural space. The mortality was 4% (18/450). Thirty one (7%) had wound infection, air leak in 18 (4%), wound dehiscence in 9 (2%) and septicemia in 14 (3%) cases. Conclusion: Depending upon the stage, various surgical options exist for the treatment of thoracic empyema. Selection of the most appropriate procedure must be individualized but the basic principle is evacuation of pus from the pleural space, appropriate antibiotic therapy and obliteration of empyema cavity.

Objectives:The present research was conducted to investigate the relationship between marital satisfaction and extramarital behavioral intentions in medical professionals.Study Design:Cross sectional research design was used to conduct the present study.Material And Methods:Relationship Assessment Scale constructed by Hendrick in 1988 was used to assess marital satisfaction of the study sample.1 Extramarital behavioral intentions were assessed by using extramarital behavioral intentions scale by Buunk in 1981.2 Cross sectional research design was used in the research. Correlation, hierarchal regression, one way ANOVA and independent sample t-test was applied for analysis using SPSS version 16.0.Results:Overall, the results proved that there is a negative relation among marital satisfaction and extramarital behavioral intentions. Male participants are likely to indulge in extramarital behavioral intentions than female participants. Whereas participants who had love marriage and had lesser number of children were more martially satisfied than those who had arra-nged marriage. Demographic variables collectively accounted for 11% of the variance and extramarital behavioral intentions overall accounted for 5% of variance predicting marital satisfaction.Conclusion:Marital satisfaction and extramarital behavioral intentions in medical professionals are negatively correlated.Keywords:Marital Satisfaction, Extramarital behavioral intentions, Medical Professionals.