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It is reasonable to assume that the existence of inherent anti-oxidizing activity of nanotubes and nanofibers (CNT, CNF) would be a good tool for solving the problem of oxidative stability of polymer composites. CNT/CNFs have electron affinities similar to those of fullerenes and are therefore capable of acting as radical traps in free radical chain reactions, we found good evidence in our earlier works. Here, the anti-oxidizing activity of commercial carbon nanofibers of herringbone structure CNF-HB was examined with the aim to quantitatively assess the interference of Ni impurities. The model initiating the aerobic oxidation of cumene was used to determine the kinetic parameters of anti-oxidizing activity of commercial and purified CNF-HBs. CNF-HB inhibits the model reaction according to the mechanism of trapping of peroxy radicals: the oxidation proceeds with pronounced induction period and kinetic curves linearly at the semi-logarithmic coordinates (especially in the case of purified samples). For the first time effective concentration of inhibiting centres and inhibition rate constants for the CNF-HB have been determined. The inhibition rate constant is equal to k7 = (6 ± 1.0)×103 l mol−1 s-1 that is typical for the anti-oxidants of average force.

Foreign experience demonstrates that countries’ strategies in cluster policy differ depending on national traditions and culture of their strategy engineering process, as well as on the cluster concept. Analysis of information sources shows that technical and methodological framework for cluster policy formulation have not been clearly and unambiguously studied in science. The most important methodological document on cluster policy is the European Cluster Memorandum signed by the Member States of the European Union in 2006 [3]. It defined the essence and importance of clusters in innovation development and identified the key provisions of cluster policy. One of the essential methodological issues is the role of government in the formation of clusters. The following factors can be associated with the state’s growing influence on clustering processes: market weakness, increase in the volume and value of public goods; an objective priority of public interest in the context of globalization; the need to protect the national economy in the international economic relations; the need for institutional regulations in the national and global economy. Foreign experience demonstrates that the numerous cluster initiatives running in major developed countries over the last few years have been brought forward by local or regional governments. In relatively small developed countries and in a number of developing countries, the government plays an essential role in the cluster development initiative, especially when local and regional government agencies cannot partner with the private sector. A number of decisions on clusters have been adopted at national level in countries with centralized decision-making process.

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Impaired glucose metabolism and its consequence diabetes mellitus is still challenging the health care system worldwide. According to the International Diabetes Federation in 2021, the number of adult people living with diabetes was approximately 537 million and 860 million adults had prediabetes. It is predicted that numbers will rise in the future. Numerous researches have shown that prediabetes and diabetes mellitus are serious risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Lots of epidemiological evidence figured out that diabetes mellitus is associated with the risk of developing heart failure. Diabetes mellitus is highly prevalent among patients with heart failure. Moreover, several anti-diabetics (anti-prediabetic) medications are contributing their share into developing heart failure by increasing risk of mortality and hospitalization for heart failure. This chapter will discuss the connection between prediabetes, diabetes mellitus, and chronic heart failure.