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A potentiometric tramadol-selective electrode based on the ion-association of tramadol hydrochloride (TDCl) with phosphomolybdic acid (TD-PM) is developed. The electrode exhibits a Nernstian slope of 58.3±0.7 mV/decade for tramadol ions in the concentration range 2.0 × 10-6-1.0 × 10-1 M with the limit of detection of 1.3 × 10-6 M. The electrode has a fast and stable response time 5-8 s, good reproducibility and it can be used in pH range of 1.8-6.1. The present electrode show good discrimination of tramadol hydrochloride from several inorganic, organic ions, sugars and some common drug excipients. These characteristics of the electrode enable it to be used successfully for determination of tramadol hydrochloride in its pharmaceutical preparations and biological fl uids (urine and milk). a wide concentration range, low limit of detection, good Nernstain slope and high selectivity over a wide variety of other cations.

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This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of a widely used combination in Gaza Strip, diclofenac sodium (SD)and dexamethasone (DM), at different doses on some rabbits' hematological and biochemical parameters. Twenty two rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups, the first one (10 rabbits) was given 1ml saline intramuscularly and kept as control. The second group (6 rabbits) received 31doses while the third group (6 rabbits) was given 40 doses of the combination SD / DM (SD at a dose of 3 mg / kg b.wt. i. m. once/day and DM at a dose of 1 mg / kg b.wt. i. m. once/day for 31 days. Administration of SD and DM for this period induced a significant decrease in Hb, RBCs, hematocrit, MCHC and platelets values and an obvious changes in the increment of WBC, MCV and MCH Values. Moreover, there were a significant decrease in serum total protein, albumin and globulin levels, and an increase in the activities of amino transeferases (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and serum aspartate amino transferase (AST). In addition there were significant increment in creatinine, urea and uric acid levels and an obvious decrement in glucose, cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels. It could be concluded that administration of SD and DM at long interval dose induced some adverse effects on hematological and biochemical parameters of liver and kidney. That could be attributed to oxidative stress induced by the combined drugs.