Skin disorders may be clues to the presence of associated microvascular complications of DM.

No abstract

Background. Visual problems, cerebral visual impairment, refractive errors and strabismus are commonly found in preterm infants in long-term follow-ups. The aim of this study was to determine the factors that lead to the development of amblyogenic risk factors, such as high refractive errors, anisometropia and strabismus, in the long-term evaluation of preterm infants. Methods. We retrospectively evaluated children who were screened for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and who had a 3rd year ophthalmologic examination. The impacts of sex, gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW), BW for GA, being small for gestational age (SGA), being appropriate for gestational age (AGA), multiple pregnancies and the results of ROP screening on refractive errors and the development of strabismus were evaluated by logistic regression analysis. The SGA and AGA groups were compared in terms of refractive errors and presence of strabismus. Results. Six hundred and eight children, including 317 (52.1%) males and 291 (47.9%) females, were included in the study. The mean GA was 31 ± 3 weeks (24-36), and the mean BW was 1505 ± 435 g (600-2460). The number of SGA-born children was 101 (16.6%). Manifest deviation was detected in 42 (5.6%) children, and optical correction was required in 101 (16.6%) children. Being an SGA infant and multiple pregnancies were risk factors for refractive errors requiring optical correction, and hyperopia (≥3.00 D) was found to be a risk factor for the development of strabismus in the multivariate regression analysis. Additionally, the SGA group was at high risk for strabismus, hyperopia, high astigmatism and the need for optical correction. Conclusions. We concluded that SGA seems to be associated with an increased risk of strabismus and a high refractive error. It should be taken into consideration during follow-up examinations of SGA infants.

AIM: To investigate the effects of diode laser treatment on ocular biometric parameters in premature infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). METHODS: Premature infants who received diode laser treatment for ROP (n=68) and premature infants with spontaneous regressed ROP without treatment (n=50) were performed longitudinal ocular biometric measurements including anterior chamber depth, lens thickness and axial length as follows: 1d prior to laser treatment, and 3, 6, 9, and 12mo after the laser treatment. RESULTS: The mean birth weight, gestational age and initial examination time values were 936.53±302.07 g, 26.66±2.42wk, 36.26±2.73wk in the treatment group and 959.78±260.08 g, 27.28±2.10wk, 36.56±2.54wk in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in these demographic characteristics of the groups. Anterior chamber depth, lens thickness and axial length demonstrated statistically significant linear increases during the study period in the two groups (P<0.001 for each). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of anterior chamber depth after laser treatment. Measurements of the lens thickness at 9th and 12th months (9th month 3.70±0.22 vs 3.60±0.21 mm, P=0.017; 12th month 3.81±0.21 vs 3.69±0.22 mm, P=0.002) and the axial length at 12th month (19.35±0.79 vs 19.13±0.54 mm, P=0.031) after laser treatment were statistically higher in the treatment group. CONCLUSION: Diode laser retinal photocoagulation treatment in premature infants seems to increase the lens thickness and axial length.

Purpose. Numerous ocular side effects have been reported with the use of systemic isotretinoin therapy. Herein, we presented two contact lens user patients who did not have contact lens intolerance during systemic isotretinoin therapy. Methods. 25-year-old male and 20-year-old female patients with severe acne vulgaris who were using highly wettable silicone hydrogel contact lenses which increase tear film stability were examined. Tear film function tests including Schirmer tests and tear break up time (TBUT) test and ocular surface staining with fluorescein were done. Subjective ocular complaints were scored with ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire. Patients were followed up monthly and examinations were repeated at each visit. Results. Both patients completed the therapy after a cumulative dose of 140 mg/kg isotretinoin in 6 months. The OSDI score and tear film function tests before and after treatment were all within normal limits. Discussion. Highly wettable contact lenses that provide increase in the tear film stability may be used during systemic retinoid therapy under close followups. Although isotretinoin affects ocular glands, the differences between tolerances to this retinoid therapy need to be investigated in larger patient groups using contact lenses.