No abstract

Menstrual bleeding and menstruation process is a physiological process that a woman experiences as monthly periods throughout her life as of the pubertal period, and it is seen as a taboo in many societies and is not talked about. In our study, we aimed to compile the attitudes and practices towards menstrual bleeding from past to present. While menstrual bleeding was considered sacred in some cultures in past cultures; in some, it has been a topic that is ashamed and cannot be talked about. In present days, due to the cultural taboos against menstruation, there is a lack of information about these issues and this affects reproductive health negatively. Menstrual hygiene information and education should be organized to eliminate incomplete and wrong menstrual practices, and this education should constitute an important part of health education.

Peripheral intravenous catheterization is one of the main applications in the treatment of diseases. A correct catheterization application helps treatment. A mistake or inability during catheterization process causes many complications, especially catheter-related infections. Therefore, an effective catheterization process, especially in the childhood group, requires a trained and equipped nursing care.

Tracheomalacia (TM) is a disease that causes the airway obstruction of the tracheal lumen as a result of the structural disorder of the tracheal cartilage. We present a 4-month-old patient who developed ventilator depended TM after repair of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula. Aortopexy and intraoperative flexible bronchoscopy were first performed via partial sternotomy in Turkey for this patient.  He was weaned from ventilatory support and extubated at the first  and discharged at the 8th post-operative day. Partial sternotomy is performed in the supine position, thus  it allows for intraoperative flexible bronchoscopy permitting to check for the adequacy of the aortopexy.