Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran dan kemampuan berpikir kritis terhadap pemahaman sains fisika pada kelompok B usia 5-6 tahun. Metode penelitian ini adalah eksperimen dengan desain treatment by level 2x2. Sampel penelitian ini terdiri dari 56 anak. Pengumpulan sampel menggunakan teknik stratified multistage cluster random sampling. Teknik analisis data adalah analisis varians dua jalur (ANAVA). Untuk menguji normalitas data menggunakan uji liliefors dan uji homogenitas menggunakan uji barlett. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 1) Pemahaman sains fisika anak yang diajar dengan model pembelajaran quantum lebih tinggi daripada model pembelajaran contextual teaching and learning. 2) Terdapat pengaruh interaksi antara model pembelajaran dan kemampuan berpikir kritis terhadap pemahaman sains fisika. 3) Pemahaman sains fisika anak yang diajar dengan model pembelajaran quantum lebih tinggi daripada model pembelajaran contextual teaching and learning pada anak yang memiliki kemampuan berpikir kritis tinggi. 4) Pemahaman sains fisika anak yang diajar dengan model pembelajaran quantum lebih rendah daripada model pembelajaran contextual teaching and learning pada anak yang memiliki kemampuan berpikir kritis rendah.
Palm kernel shells are one of the main wastes for processing of palm oil. Palm kernel shells are waste that can be used as a catalyst in the biodiesel production. Besides many natural ingredients, the price of catalyst prepared from these materials is also relatively cheap compared to other catalysts, make the biodiesel production more sustainable, and environmentally friendly. This study aims to make activated carbon from palm shell through the process of carbonization and chemical activation. The carbonization process was carried out at 550oC for 3 hours until charcoal was formed. While the activation process was carried out using ZnCl2 activators with concentrations of 0.1 M, 0.25 M, 0.5 M and 1 M which were activated for 4 hours at 90oC. Â Based on the results of the FTIR analysis the presence of O-H and C-O bonds indicates that the carbon produced from the palm kernel shell tends to be polar (volatile). Thus the charcoal produced can be used as catalyst in the biodiesel production. For the SEM test results, it can be seen morphologically that more pore crystals are added and are still brittle at a ZnCl2 concentration of 0.1 M. Based on FTIR and SEM analysis, the best activated charcoal was activated charcoal with a concentration of 0.25 M ZnCl2.
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