<p>One of the main causes of death in Indonesia is non-communicable diseases. One of the most common non-communicable disease is diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a category of diabetes that most people in the world suffer from. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by high levels of blood glucose which can lead a number of symptoms and complications if there is no regular monitoring of blood glucose levels and not paying attention to things that can affect blood glucose levels. Things that can affect blood glucose levels are adequate nutritional intake and physical activity.</p><p>Indonesia is a religious country because it recognizes 6 religions. Indonesia is also a country with the largest Muslim population in the world. One of the activities carried out continuously every year by a Muslim is fasting during the month of Ramadan. Fasting is one form of spiritual awareness that has many benefits, such as, heightening consciousness of God, adopting healthier lifestyle, loving and charity, increasing community spirit, and raising people to become a better version of themselves.</p><p>However, people with type 2 diabetes mellitus have to know that changes in nutritional intake and physical activity can affect their bodies. Therefore, people with diabetes mellitus have to know the management of diabetes mellitus during Ramadan fasting and they have to do self-management properly to avoid complications that can occur, such as hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, dehydration, and thrombosis.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keyword:</strong><strong> Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, Spiritual Awareness, Self-management, Ramadan Fasting, Glucose Blood Level, Complication</strong></p>

Fracture is a break in the continuity of bone, joint bone, epiphyseal cartilage, which is total or partial. Currently musculoskeletal disease has become a problem that is often found in health care centers around the world. Overall incidence of fractures was 11.3 in 1,000 per year, in males was 11.67 in 1000 per year, whereas in 10.65 in 1,000 women per year. The classic symptom is a history of trauma fracture, pain and swelling in the broken bones, deformity, musculoskeletal dysfunction, breaking the continuity of the bone, and neurovascular disorders. Principles of fracture treatment is to restore the position of the fracture to its original position (reposition) and held that position during the healing of fractures (immobilization). Special in open fractures, must be considered the danger of infection, either general or local infection. Mr. A 30 years old came with complaints of difficulty moving his left leg after a traffic accident 3 months ago and was taken to a sangkal putung but it didn't heal so he was taken to the hospital and got multiple fractures of the tibia and femur. The patient underwent surgery with the ORIF procedure under general anesthesia. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative management needs to be done correctly and completely to support the success of the operation.

Diabetes mellitus was one of WHO priority diseases because the number of sufferers is quite high and always increased in every country, especially in Indonesia. Efforts to manage diabetes mellitus from non-pharmacological, pharmacological, to traditional treatments have been carried out. Indonesia is also a country that has a variety of nutritious plants, but only a few plants have been used as traditional medicine. The purpose of this study was to find out how the utilization would be done using dandelion or Taraxacum officinale for type 2 diabetes mellitus so that the results would be useful to increase knowledge for health providers and the people of Indonesia in utilizing the natural resources in Indonesia. This type of research was a literature review and the method used in this study literature was collecting 21 literature from books and 30 case report and research article journals. Conclusion: One of the medicinal plants found in Indonesia was dandelion plant (Taraxacum officinale) which was known to have antihyperglycemic or antidiabetic effects, but its use in Indonesia was quite rare. Antidiabetic mechanisms of this plant are reabsorption of the glucose in the kidneys, reducing the activity of the enzyme alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase, reducing glucose levels in the blood, and inhibiting the flow of potassium channels.