Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with sino-nasal polyposis and its relationship with the exposure of occupational inhalants in patients presenting in a tertiary care hospital of Karachi. Study design and Settings: Cross-sectional study conducted at department of otorhino-laryngology Karachi Medical & Dental College and Abbasi Shaheed Hospital Karachi for a period of two and a half years from October 2015 to April 2018. Methodology: Total number of patients included for this study were 221 patients with diagnosis of bilateral and multiple nasal polyposis with age greater than 10 years. Specifically, designed proforma was used for data collection specially in relation with occupation and exposure to different occupational inhalants and entered in SPSS version 23 for analysis. Results: There were 133 male and 88 female patient with a mean age was 36.16 ± 12.33 years. Mostly patients belonged to poor socio-economic status i.e. 133 (60.70%). Allergic rhinitis or nasal allergy was the most common risk factor present in 114 patients (51.6%) while aspirin hypersensitivity was the least common risk factor present in only 19 patients (8.5%). Most of the patients (76 or 34.4%) were related with one or the other form of agriculture and were exposed to different occupational inhalants like mud, pollens, animals and plants. Conclusions: Nasal allergy is the most common risk factor and occupational inhalant specially related with agriculture, poultry and pets are the common agents responsible for nasal polyposis in our local population.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of fungal rhinosinusitis in nasal polyps’ patients and to determine the risk factors of fungal rhino sinusitis. Study Design: Prospective study. Setting: Out patients and in patients department of Abbasi Shaheed Hospital and Karachi Medical and Dental College. Period: October 2014 to April 2017. Total duration of study was two and a half years. Material & Methods: In this study 221 cases were included who diagnosed nasal polyposis on clinical ground. Both sexes were included in this study. After informed consent complete history were taken and noted in pre designed Performa. Complete ENT and physical examination was done. Relevant investigations were advised as per requirement. Results: Total numbers of patients selected for this study were 221. The overall prevalence of fungal rhino-sinusitis was found in 90 patients (40.70%). Mostly patients belong to poor socio-economical status i.e. 59 (65.55%) followed by middle class 18 (20%) patients. Mean age was 30.16 +/_ 12.33. Male were 55 (61%) and female were 35 (38.8%) with male female ratio was 1:1.57. In risk factors, 36 (40%) patients were farmers while history of allergy was found in 35 patients (38.88%). Conclusions: Patients with nasal polyps should be properly evaluated for the early treatment of fungal rhino-sinusitis and also remove the risk factors to prevent the recurrence and unnecessary complications.