Objectives: Although well-being at work is important for occupational health, multi-dimensional workplace well-being measures do not exist for Japanese workers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of the Japanese version of the Workplace PERMA-Profiler. Methods: Japanese workers completed online surveys at baseline (N = 310) and 1 month later (N = 100). The Workplace PERMA-Profiler was translated according to international guidelines. Job and life satisfaction, work engagement, psychological distress, work-related psychosocial factors, and work performance were measured as comparisons for convergent validity. Cronbach's alphas, Intra-class Correlation Coefficients (ICCs), and measurement errors were calculated for the reliability, and the validity of the measure was tested by correlational analyses and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: A total of 310 (baseline) and 86 (follow-up) workers responded and were included in the analyses. Cronbach's alphas and ICCs of the Japanese Workplace PERMA-Profiler ranged from 0.75 to 0.96. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the 5-factor model demonstrated a marginally acceptable fit (χ2 (80) = 351.30, CFI = 0.892, TLI = 0.858, RMSEA = 0.105, SRMR = 0.051). Overall well-being and the five PERMA domains had moderate-to-strong correlations with job satisfaction, psychological distress (inversely), and work-related factors. Conclusions: The Japanese version of the Workplace PERMA-Profiler demonstrated adequate reliability and validity. This measure could be useful to assess well-being at work, promote well-being research among Japanese workers, and address the problem of definition for well-being in further studies.

IntroductionThe importance of well-being of workers has recently been recognised, since well-being is protective for mortality, independent of negative factors. Although well-being at work is also discussed intensively, no multi-dimensional measure of well-being at work has been developed in a non-western country, such as Japan. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Workplace PERMA-Profiler, which was developed according to a PERMA model, proposed by Seligman (2011) among Japanese workers.MethodsA baseline Internet-based survey was conducted of 310 Japanese workers and part of the respondents (100) were surveyed again at 1 month later. The Workplace PERMA-Profiler (23 items, 3 items per PERMA domain and 8 additional items) was translated according to the international guideline. Job and life satisfaction, work engagement, psychological distress, work-related psychosocial factors, and work performance were also measured for testing the convergent validity. Cronbach’s alphas, Intra-class Correlation Coefficients (ICCs), the Standard Error of Measurement (SEM), and the Smallest Detectable Change (SDC) were calculated, and correlational analyses and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted.ResultA total of 310 (baseline) and 86 (follow-up) workers responded and were included for the analyses. Cronbach’s alphas and ICCs for scale scores ranged from 0.75 to 0.96. the SDC of the scale ranged from 1.81 to 2.56. Moreover, the scores of the total and 5 factor scales showed moderate-to-strong correlations with job satisfaction, psychological distress, and work-related factors. A 5-factor theory-based model showed not excellent but marginal acceptable fit (χ2(80)=351.30, CFI=0.892, TLI=0.858, RMSEA=0.105, SRMR=0.051).DiscussionThe Japanese version of the Workplace PERMA-Profiler showed acceptable levels of reliability and validity. This measure could be useful to assess well-being at work and promote well-being research among Japanese workers. However, concepts and measures for well-being at work should be investigated in further studies.

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