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Background:Post-partum hemorrhage (PPH) is a common cause of maternal mortality in developing countries. This trial was conducted to study the effectiveness and safety of rectal misoprostol for PPH.Aim:To assess the effectiveness and safety of misoprostol and comparing with oxytocin for prevention of PPH.Materials and Methods:Women were randomized to receive either two 200 μg rectal misoprostol tablets (study group) or 20 units oxytocin in 1000 cc normal saline intravenously (control group). The outcomes were incidence of PPH, amount of blood loss, duration of labor, incidence of side effects, pre- and post-delivery hemoglobin, and use of additional uterotonics.Finding:The incidence of PPH was 12% in the study group and 10% in the control group (P > 0.05). No significant difference was observed between the groups hematocrit (P > 0.05). Other variables including severe PPH and duration of the third stage of labor were similar in both groups.Conclusion:Rectal misoprostol was as effective as intravenous oxytocin for preventing post-partum hemorrhage with the same incidence of side effects and is recommended to be use as an uterotonic agent to manage third stage of labor routinely.

In risk analysis based on Bayesian framework, premium calculation requires specification of a prior distribution for the risk parameter in the heterogeneous portfolio. When the prior knowledge is vague, the E-Bayesian and robust Bayesian analysis can be used to handle the uncertainty in specifying the prior distribution by considering a class of priors instead of a single prior. In this paper, we study the E-Bayes and robust Bayes premium estimation and prediction in exponential model under the squared log error loss function. A prequential analysis in a simulation study is carried out to compare the proposed predictors. Finally, a real data example is included for illustrating the results.

Abstract. Shrinkage preliminary test estimation in exponential distribution under a precautionary loss function is considered. The minimum risk-unbiased estimator is derived and some shrinkage preliminary test estimators are proposed. We apply our results on censored data and records. The relative efficiencies of proposed estimators with respect to the minimum risk-unbiased estimator based on record data under the considered loss function are computed for evaluating the performance of these estimators.

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