Background: Human factors have the most significant effects on the occurrence of traffic accidents among the three factors of human, road, and vehicle. The driver is a significant traffic safety concern. Interventions that enhance driver's safety are required. Risky behaviors of drivers on the road influence physical healthy and personality. The aim of this study is to report the protocol for a sequential explanatory mixed methods study that set out to determine the drivers' traffic factors, the associated factors and exploring the perception of drivers about the risky traffic factors on the road. The ultimate purpose of the study is to design a preventive and cultural based strategy to promote driver's safety. Materials and Methods:This is a sequential explanatory mixed methods design. The study has two sequential strands. The follow-up explanation model has used to develop the quantitative results by gathering qualitative data from participants who could assist in elucidating the results correctly. During the first strand (a quantitative phase) and a population-based crosssectional survey of a sample of drivers of all ages and level of experiences will be carried out using the proportional random sampling method, in Tehran, Iran. Data will be collected by questionnaires involving items on socio-demographic information, items on measuring health (Drivers Medical Questionnaire), and questions on five-factor Personality (NEO-FFI), drivers risky behaviors (Manchester driving behavior questionnaire). Questionnaires will be completed through a face-to-face interview. In the second strand, a qualitative study will be conducted. A purposeful sampling strategy will be used, and participants who can help to explain the quantitative findings will be selected. Individual fully developed interviews will predominate data collection in the qualitative strand the. A qualitative content analysis approach will be undertaken to create an itemized understanding of the traffic-risky behaviors among drivers of all ages and level of experiences. Conclusion:The findings of this explanatory mixed methods study will provide information on traffic-risky behaviors by all drivers. The results will be implemented to design a cultural based strategy, and intervention programs are to be designed to promote driver's health in the community.

Background: Collaboration of patients in caring is regarded as a gold standard in professional care associated with modern nursing. Considering the complexity of the concept, it is imperative to analyze caring of patients with motor disability caused by traffic accidents. Materials and Methods: This is a qualitative study to analyze the concept of collaboration in caring for traffic casualties using a hybrid model in three stages. In the first stage, to conduct a systemic review, a literature search was performed using databases such as Blackwell, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Elsevier with the keywords: Collaboration in caring and orthopedic victims of traffic accidents. The literature search resulted in 110 related reviews up to 2016. In the second stage or field stage, for the importance of collaboration in caring for traffic casualties, 7 traffic victims and 3 nurses were interviewed and data were analyzed by content analysis. Finally, in the third stage, an overall analysis was performed according to the findings in previous stages. Results: Combining the results of reviews and findings of field study, we obtained 87 codes, 14 subcategories, and 5 categories ("organizational factors in sharing information and knowledge", "promoting a sense of responsibility in patient", "patient empowerment for health promotion", "mutual trust", and "hypersensitivity to active engagement to return to normal life") in content analysis. Conclusion: Recognizing the concept of collaboration of patient with motor disability in caring from the orthopedic viewpoint, managers and nurses will be able to plan and execute management and educational activities according to the insight obtained from scientific findings to provide suitable conditions in this regard.

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