The ecological state of the Aral Sea remains an important issue affecting the overall state of the ecosystem in the region. Despite the fact that the state of the northern part of the sea or the Small Aral Sea can be described as stable, the southern part of the former sea continues to degrade. The area of degraded ecosystems around the Small Aral Sea is significant, and huge salt reserves remain the cause of further degradation of terrestrial ecosystems in the Aral Sea region. This study includes the results of geobotanical investigations researches of the dried bottom around the Small Aral Sea area. Five types of landscape-geomorphological formations of the dried-up sea were identified during the research. The creation of the formations took place during different periods of drying and depended on the element's of sea relief. The vegetation of these landscapes is represented exclusively by salt-tolerant species of xerophytic flora. In this case, the number of plant species in the plant communities of these landscapes is directly proportional to the concentration of salt in the soil.

Wastewater pollution with detergents is one of the environmental problems associated with the rational use of water resources. The existing methods of physicochemical wastewater treatment, despite their efficiency, are open to secondary environmental pollution. Biological coagulation/flocculation methods are widely used with the plant waste. The aim of this research was the use of ferric iron obtained by means of the bacterial-chemical method and bentonite to reduce the chemical oxygen demand in the wastewater containing detergents. It was identified that the use of Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 obtained using the bacterial-chemical method with thionic bacteria Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans BIT 1 and bentonite as a clay material is promising. At the same time, it was found that the highest reduction degree in the chemical oxygen demand -88.1 ± 7.9% in wastewater was noted in the variation where the bacterialchemical ferric iron in the amount of 1.75 g/L was used in combination with bentonite in the amount of 600 mg/L.

The aim of this work was to study the possibility of using medicinal plants in combination with salt-containing raw materials from the Aral Sea region for cosmetic purposes. The chemical and mineralogical compositions of salts occurring in this region were studied for pharmacological and cosmetic purposes. The salt-containing raw materials were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The microflora of saline-containing raw materials and flora of the Zhaksy-Klych lake were studied. Fifty-six plant species were identified, of which 25% belong to the Asteraceae family, 32% were Poaceae, 22% were Amaranthaceae, and 21% were Tamaricaceae. Using the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, the composition of volatile compounds in such plant species as Artemisia alba L., Achilleamillifolium L., Eleagus commutate Bernh. Ex Rydb., Psoraleadrupacea Bunge, Artemisia cipa O. Vegd., Thymus vulgaris L., Morus alba L., Salvia pratensis L., Glycyrhizaglabra L., Tanacetum vulgare L., Polygonumaviculare L., Alhagipseudoalhagi Gagnebin and Peganumharmala L., chosen on the basis of their herbal components for future cosmetic products, was determined. In total, 187 different volatile compounds were found in the endemic plant species Glycyrrhizaglabra L., of which the following were dominant: 1,7-octadiene-3-, 2,6-dimethyl- with a peak area of 4.71%; caryophyllenes; bicyclo[7.2.0]4,11,11-trimethyl-8-methylene-, [1R-(1R*,4E,9S*)]—3.70%; bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane-2-1,7,7-trimethyl-,(1S)—3.46%; cyclohexanone, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyledene)-; 2-isopropyledene-5—2.97%; menthol; cyclohexanol, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-; p-menthane-3-ol; menthol alcohol; and 2-isopropyl-5—2.08%. The remaining compounds were detected in amounts of less than 2.0%. Tests of seven cosmetic compositions developed on the basis of plant extracts and salt-containing raw materials revealed that three samples had a moisturizing effect. Launching the production of cosmetic products in the Aral region will not only reduce social tensions but also significantly improve the environmental situation in the region.

В работе рассматривается результаты исследований по фитотоксичности различных видов солей, отобранных со дна Малого Аральского моря –потенциального сырья для косметологической продукции на тест-растения. Качество сырья имеет огромное значение для произ

The article illustrates the results of microbiological and chemical studies of samples of salt lakes in the south of Kazakhstan, such as Dzhaksy-Klych and Buga-Dzhaily. It was found that the samples from the bottom of the dried up Small Aral Sea are dominated by ions of magnesium, potassium, calcium, iron and copper. Moreover, the presence of pesticides was revealed: acetamiprid, fenhexamide, folpet-like compounds, tetrahydrophtolamide, which are used in the agro-industry. Samples of Lake Dzhaksy-Klych were isolated from different layers of halite, magnesium, and sulfate salts. Salt-containing raw material of Lake Buga-Dzhaily contains 96.0 ± 8.9 wt.% NaCL, the content of magnesium ions ranges from 0.17 ± 0.01 -4.01 ± 0.0 wt.%, The presence of sulfur is within 0,26 ± 0.02%. 1.71 ± 0.12 wt%. The amount of heavy metals is below the permissible concentration. It was found that the increased content of magnesium in the samples proves the presence of mixed sodium-magnesium layers. he number of heterotrophic microorganisms in the samples of salt lakes is approximately 103-104 CFU/g, enterobacteria -103 CFU / g, micromycetes in the amount of (6.0 ± 0.5) x 103 CFU/g g were found only in the sample of sulfate salts and silt sampled at a distance of 1.0 m from the coastline. The distribution and density of microflora on the coastline indicate an increased anthropogenic factor due to salt extraction.