Rapid changes in the education system in the 21st century require active learning among students to maintain the system’s relevance to the most recent trends and developments. Generally, the fact that active learning is not a new learning style has attracted scholars to conduct numerous relevant studies. Unfortunately, most past researches were not from the perspectives of the benefits and challenges. Hence, the present study reviewed a considerable number of past studies on active learning benefits and challenges. The objective of this study is to identify the benefits and challenges of active learning on student achievement. The Systematic Literature Review (SLR), which comprises a review protocol that includes the subject to be examined and the best approach for carrying out this research, was applied as a research methodology. The SLR technique comprises three phases: searching, screening, and analyzing. According to this investigation, there are six cognitive-related benefits, and the dominant benefit is increased academic performance. Hence, there are six challenges in student factors, however, time restriction is the highest challenge faced by students. Finally, several recommendations were presented at the end of this research for the reference of future scholars. Keywords- Active learning; benefits; challenges; time restrictions; academic performance