Phonological change is a language phenomenon that occurs because language users change the distribution of phonemes in a language. The aims of this study are to explain the phonological processes that occur in English and Indonesian and to explain the differences in phonological forms between English and Indonesian. The method used in this study is a contrasting-descriptive method by comparing two languages, namely English and Indonesian. The data were taken from the speech of students taking Indonesian and English courses at the University of Bengkulu, totaling 40 students in the first semester. The results show that five types of phonological change processes occurred in English and Indonesian, namely assimilation, metathesis, epenthesis, epithesis, and deletion. The phonological change in English often occurred when two vowel phonemes meet, such as /ea/ shift to /e/, or /i/, phoneme /y/ shift to /i/. Phoneme /e/ was pronounced when two vowel phonemes meet, such as /s/ and /n/ becomes /sen/. Phoneme /g/ is pronounced multiply when it meets the sound/ng/. Phoneme /u/ is pronounced when it meets phoneme /o/ + a consonant. Phoneme /h/ is unpronounced when it meets a vowel phoneme or more vowel phonemes in the words. Meanwhile, phonological changes in Indonesian often occurred from consonant phonemes to other consonant phonemes that have almost the same sound such as phoneme /z/ shift to /s/ and /j/. Phoneme /k/ was pronounced after phoneme /u/ and phoneme /h/ is pronounced after phoneme /a/at the end of words. Phoneme /y/ was pronounced between phonemes /i/ and /a/. Phoneme /h/ was unpronounced when it meets phonemes /a/, /i/, and /u/ in words. In conclusion, the process of phonological change that occurs in English and Indonesian is due to the influence of adjacent phoneme sounds that resemble nearby sounds.

The aims of this study were to investigate English teachers’ perceptions in implementing Project-Based Learning and to analyze the English teachers’ challenges of implementing Project-Based Learning in Secondary Schools in Bengkulu City. 16 English teachers in Senior High Schools and 14 English teachers in Junior High Schools who have implemented Project-Based Learning in their class served as participants in this study. An explanatory sequential mixed method research applied to investigate the teachers’ perceptions in implementing Project-Based Learning for gathering quantitative data by using Questionnaire in the first phase. Then, in collecting qualitative data to analyze the challenges of the implementation of Project-Based Learning in English classroom, the researcher conducted interview which explained the result in the first phase. There are a total of 30 questions on the questionnaire, all of which pertain the internal factors and the external factors, also the challenges which affected the English teachers’ perceptions in Secondary School. The findings of this study suggested English teachers’ perceptions and challenges in implementing Project-Based Learning in Secondary Schools had a positive response. Meanwhile, the English teachers’ challenges are caused by the limited of time and of  knowledge, the management of class, and the situation of pandemic.

This research attempted to find out translation strategies applied by the fifth-semester students of English Education Study Program in translating English written texts into Indonesian. It was conducted by applying descriptive qualitative and quantitative approach. The subject of the research were 61 pieces of translation task collected from the lecturer into taught translation subject. Data of this research were collected from the students’ assignment about Explanation text given by the lecturer. . The data analysis was done by using translation techniques theory proposed by Suryawinata and Hariyanto (2003). The results of this research revealed that the use of each translation strategy varied in terms of frequency. The translation strategies used by the students from the most dominant to the least dominant respectively were as follows ; 1) Borrowing (56.61%); 2) Omission (29.41%); 3) Synonym (6.80%), 4) Addition (3.49%), 5) and Transposition (3.49%). The applications of reduction and expansion were not found. Among all the five translation strategies found in the students’ translation works, omission, synonym and borrowing were accurately applied. Furthermore, addition and transposition were not accurately and successfully applied by the students.

This study investigates the interaction pattern in SMAN 1 Curup Kota, based on Coulthard theory (2002). This study analyzed the interaction pattern and type of act used by teacher and students to see the ideal pattern in the classroom. The data analysis shows that (a) the dominant pattern used in the classroom is complete pattern (IRF) and there are also semi-complete pattern (IR) and incomplete pattern (IF); (b) In the type of acts section, the elicitation is the highest followed by informative and starter in the initiation move,  reply as the highest act in the response move, and in the follow up accept as the highest followed by comment. It can be concluded that interaction pattern in the classroom is dominantly occured is ideal pattern but it’s not good interaction pattern because delimit student opportunity in the classroom.

This research was aimed to know how the teacher motivates her learners and to observe the activities which were applied by the teacher in Freedom Writers movie. The method was descriptive qualitative analysis. The data was taken from the movie and its scripts. The data collection technique was documentation meanwhile the technique of data analysis is content analysis. The research findings were as follows; 1). The teacher employed 10 different motivational strategies. 2). The researcher found the various ways how the teacher applied the strategies in the classroom, those were; by giving respect, love, care and always motivate her learners, playing game, using song’s lyrics, writing assignment, switching the learners’ seat, field trip, discuss with some informants and give the support to the learners who got failed in their evaluation. However, all the kinds of those teacher’s strategies to motivate the learners which found in the movie can be used as references for the teacher in aspiring to be good educators in the future. Further study is recommended for a deeper investigation into teachers’ motivational strategies and their used in the classroom activities.