According to the Bureau of National Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan, there are 287 premises per thousand inhabitants in Kazakhstan regarding the number of residential premises and the average annual population. The problem of urgent housing need in Kazakhstan is being solved by the accelerated development of housing construction and by state programs for concessional lending. Housing affordability is one of the pressing issues of the socio-economic policy of any state. One of these programs is “NurlyZher”. The main measures of state support are aimed at the construction of affordable housing for the general population. To solve housing affordability issues, the “7-20-25” program was developed in 2018, which has the most significant demand. Therefore, it is essential to understand whether the population can take out a mortgage. This study builds on research by the Center for Applied Economics Research (AERC) on housing affordability in the country. This study uses two indicators, HPI and HPA, calculated for significant cities and regions. For the calculations, the official statistics of the BNS between 2015 – 2020 were used. According to results based on the HPI indicator, residents cannot save for housing with an average salary without tak-ing into account expenses. The HPA indicator for four mortgage programs, “7-20-25” was more accessible. However, calculations were made on average data, but in practice individually. The programs developed by the state are effective since the situation with the affordability of housing has improved over the past five years.

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В настоящее время глубоко изучается морфо и патогенез - короновирусной инфекции, представители мировой медицины отмечают, что вирус SARS-Cov-2 очень быстро распространяется от человека к человеку. В связи с этим ВОЗ объявила вспышку COVID-19 пандемией. Некоторые ученые разработали концепцию, согласно которой изменение функциональной функции почек,изменение цвета мочи от нормального состояния, увеличение концентрации альбумина происходят от проникновения специфического SARS-CoV-2 в клетку через рецепторы АСЕ2.Доказано, что при цитологическом исследовании почек у человека в тяжелом состоянии COVID-19 происходит агрегация эритроцитов, разрушение эпителия и подоцитов. Лицам, страдающим хроническими заболеваниями почек, необходимо применять безопасные и действенные - методические подходы в профилактике короновирусной инфекции. At present, the pathogenesis and morphogenesis of coronavirus infections are being studied in-depth, and the SARS-Cov-2 virus is spreading rapidly from person to person, according to world medicine. In this regard, the WHO declared the COVID-19 epidemic a pandemic. Some scientists have suggested that changes in renal function, abnormal urine colour, and increased albumin concentrations are caused by the entry of specific SARS-CoV-2 into the cell through ACE2 receptors. Cytological examination of the kidneys has shown that a person with severe COVID-19 has aggregation of erythrocytes, destruction of epithelium and podocytes. People with chronic kidney disease should use safe and effective innovative methods in the prevention of coronavirus infection.

В данной статье раскрываются проблемы развития новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19, макро- и микроскопические изменения в легочной ткани под воздействием вируса. Вот уже почти 2 года на Земле буйствует новая коронавирусная инфекция, которая не дает спокойно спать, как простым обывателям, так и светлым умам медицины. В процессе изучения данный вирус раскрывается каждый раз с новой стороны. Это и определило актуальность темы в статье. К настоящему времени появились описательные результаты клинико-морфологического изучения проявлений новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19, преимущественно в легких. For almost 2 years, a new coronavirus infection has been raging on Earth, which does not allow both ordinary people and the bright minds of medicine to sleep peacefully. In the process of studying, this virus is revealed every time from a new side. This determined the relevance of the topic in the article. To date, descriptive results of the clinical and morphological study of the manifestations of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19, mainly in the lungs, have appeared.