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Effect of methylation of different DNA domains on gene expression can manifest at all regulatory levels involved in this process: at the level of transcription and posttranscription, translation and posttranslation. Study of the relationship between DNA methylation and thyroglobulin (TH) gene expression in some thyroid diseases is needed for understanding the mechanisms regulating genetic information in general. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of DNA methylation on TH gene expression in thyroid disease. We investigated the probability of contribution of DNA methylation to regulation of TH gene expression. TH gene methylation was studied in nodular euthyroid and diffuse toxic goiter and in thyroid cancer. The 5'-flanking domain of the gene, containing sequences recognized by Hpa 11 and MspI restrictases, was analyzed. The 5'-flanking domain of TH gene is hypermethylated in thyroid cancer. These data indicate an inverse correlation between TH gene expression and methylation.