This article is devoted to the state of production of crop products and the problems of technical support of peasant (farmer) households and individual entrepreneurs of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. Based on the results of the All-Russian Agricultural Census of 2006 and 2016, using a comparative research method, an analysis of such indicators as: dynamics of cultivated areas, volumes and structure of production; the yield of the main types of agricultural crops in general for the agro-industrial complex of the region and categories of farms; the state and assessment of the development of technical equipment of peasant (farmer) households and individual entrepreneurs (the availability of agricultural machinery and the state of the machine and tractor fleet, the actual equipment supply). The place of this category of agricultural producers in the agricultural production of the region has been determined. It is proved that technical equipment has a significant impact on the efficiency of agricultural production of peasant (farmer) households and individual entrepreneurs. The study made it possible to identify the factors influencing the efficiency of agricultural production, to formulate conclusions and proposals for the formation on this basis of effective mechanized structures with the required production and economic parameters. The research results can be used in the implementation of the concept of creating a multi-level system of production and technological support of mechanized processes in crop production, optimization of the distribution of work between the performers: agricultural producers and structures of production and technological services.