The cystic echinococcosis among people in Bulgaria is a serious problem in human pathology. Echinococcosis is an uncommon disease in the EU, caused by infections with the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus.

A field study was conducted to disclose the prevalence of different helminth parasites in the black rat, Rattus rattus, in some regions of Stara Zagora district, Bulgaria. Out of 67 examined rats, 53 (79.1%) were found to be positive. Helminths of three classes were detected such as Cestoda: Hymenolepis diminuta (47.8%), Hymenolepis nana (43.3%), Taenia taeniaeformis larvae (7.5%), Taenia polyacantha larvae (1.5%); Secernentea: Syphacia obvelata (4.5%), Aspiculuris tetraptera (3.0%) and Adenophorea: Capillaria hepatica (9.0%), Trichuris muris (3.0%). Of all the investigated rats, 27 (40.3%) were infected by one helminth species and 26 (38.8%) by more than one. Hymenolepis diminuta was a predominant species in cases of single infections (23.9%). The most frequent co-infections were observed by H. nana and H. diminuta (16.4%).

Summary of the current data on skeletal changes in osteoporosis and their presentation in an accessible form to the participants in the study of the project. Material and methods: Overview on the available literature. Results: A scheme for molecular changes in the skeleton in osteoporosis, as well as a figure with macroscopic changes. Conclusions: Promotion with appropriate materials on the topic can lead to an improvement in the prevention of osteoporosis. The understanding of the intimate mechanisms of the disease leads improve the kinesiological programs and produce new ones. Self-awareness of the patient is important for his active behaviour in preservation of his own health. The schemes are suitable for use with existing self-questionnaires and give information that is more detailed. Acknowledgment: This overview article is related to a scientific project of a medical college on the topic: Elaboration of a preventive program to improve the quality of life of persons at risk of disease from osteoporosis.