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Background: Foramen ovale (FO) plays an important role in the diagnostic and surgical procedures related to middle cranial fossa. So the knowledge on the variations, dimensions and the topographic location is must to the neurosurgeons while dealing with this region. The present study aimed at finding the anatomical variations, dimensions and the location of foramen ovale.

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Introduction: Existence of the carotico-clinoid foramen causes compression of the clinoid segment of internal carotid artery and also increases the risk of hemorrhage while dealing performing various surgical procedures related to para clinoid aneurysms and tumors of this region. The present study was aimed to find out the incidence of the carotico-clinoid foramen in south Indian population.

Introduction: The occurrence of vertebrobasilar insufficiency caused by rotation of the head has been reported due to thickened fibroligamentous structures, osteophyte formation, duplication of foramen transversarium, and congenital absence of the foramen transversarium. The size and variations of the foramen transversarium plays an important role in vertebrobasillar insufficiency. The present study was carried out on the anatomical variations of foramen transversarium.