The present study evaluates the eVect of cognitive training, of psychoeducational training and of physical training on cognitive functioning, physical functioning, physical health, independent living and wellbeing in older people. Also the combination of physical training with cognitive training or psychoeducational training, respectively, was evaluated. In contrast to most training studies with older people, training eVects were evaluated in a longitudinal perspective over 5 years to analyse long-term-results of cognitive and physical activity on older adults. Training eVects were evaluated compared to a no-treatment-control group. Subjects were 375 community residents aged 75-93 years. Up to 5 years after baseline examination, signiWcant training eVects were observed in the group exposed to the combined cognitive and physical training. The physical and cognitive status in the participants of this group could be preserved on a higher level compared to baseline, and the participants displayed fewer depressive symptoms than the notreatment-control group. The results are discussed in the light of recent research regarding the eVects of mental and physical activity on brain function in older adults.

Two hundred patients were treated with tantalum stents, 2 in the aortoiliac bifurcation, 114 in the iliac, and 84 in the femoropopliteal arteries. The indications for stenting were technically unsuccessful percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) due to arterial recoil, dissection (156 patients), or acute occlusions (15 patients). Long iliac artery occlusions (29 patients) were indications for primary stenting. Life-table analysis revealed a 3-year patency rate of 95% for stented iliac arteries, and a 1-year patency rate of 80% for stented femoropopliteal arteries. Restenosis of the stented femoropopliteal lumen was particularly frequent in stents placed for restenosis following prior PTA (7 of 12 patients), in stents placed into the distal superficial femoral and popliteal arteries (14 of 24 patients), and in stents positioned over a longer than 4-cm artery segment (9 of 16 patients). For the aortic bifurcation and iliac arteries, arterial stenting has proved to be a valuable adjunct to PTA; for femoropopliteal arteries, stenting should be restricted to acute arterial occlusions or severe residual stenosis following PTA.

Stent implantation offers valuable long-term treatment for atherosclerotic iliac artery disease. Success can be predicted on the basis of risk factors.

In this large screening database, it was found that the rates of adenomas with HGD are similar in the proximal and distal colon. The presence of HGD as a risk marker alone does not explain higher rates of proximal interval colorectal cancer. We suggest that certain lesions (flat, serrated lesions) may be missed in the proximal colon and may acquire a more aggressive biology over time. A combination of endoscopy-related factors and biology may therefore account for higher rates of proximal versus distal interval colorectal cancer.