It is well known that the duodenum of mice or rats infected with Fibricola seoulensis shows atrophy of villi (shortening, blunting, widening, fusion) and hyperplasia of crypts. This study was performed to observe healing process of these pathological changes after deworming with anthelmintic treatment. Albino rats infected each with 1,000 metacercariae of F. seoulensis were treated with single dose of 10 mg/kg praziquantel on day 15 post-infection. On day 1, 3, 5, 7, 15, 21 and 28 after the treatment, they were sacrificed and their duodenums were histopathologically studied. Control (uninfected) rats showed their normal finger-like projections of duodenal villi and well arranged crypts. In comparison, untreated (infected) controls revealed severe mucosal changes characteristic of villous atrophy and crypt hyperplasia in their duodenum. The damaged duodenal mucosa was found to restore its normal morphology after praziquantel treatment; until day 3 post-treatment the mucosa was severely atrophied; on day 5 long and slender villi sometimes appeared among the fused and stout ones; after day 15 the villi were in their normalizing process. From this experiment, it was shown that the mucosal changes in the duodenum of rats caused by F. seoulensis infection were completely reversible in 21-28 days after anthelmintic treatment.

NICHD NEONATAL RESEARCH NETWORK (USA)Background: Post-asphyxial hypothermia is protective in experimental animals; however, there have been no RCT evaluating safety and effectiveness of whole body hypothermia in term infants with HIE.Objective: To assess safety and effectiveness of whole body hypothermia in term infants with moderate and severe HIE.Design/Methods: A RCT was conducted of infants 36 weeks GA admitted 6 h of age with either a) a cord or first (Ͻ1 hour) pH Ͻ7.0 or BD Ͼ16 mEq/dl or b) a perinatal event and need for resuscitation, AND evidence of moderate or severe HIE by a certified examiner. Infants were randomized to normothermia (NORMO) or whole body cooling to 33.5 C esophageal (HYPO) for 72 h followed by rewarming by on site-research personnel using the Cincinnati Sub-Zero system. Primary outcome was death or disability at 18 mos: severe disability defined as ANY: Bayley MDIϽ70, Gross Motor Function (GMF) level 3-5, hearing impairment requiring aids, or blindness or moderate disability defined as MDI 85-70 AND either GMF 2, hearing impairment with no amplification or seizure disorder.Results: Of 798 screened infants, 239 were eligible, and 208 were randomized; 102 to HYPO and 106 to NORMO. Target temperature was achieved in HYPO within 90 min and remained constant throughout 72 h. Adverse events were similar among HYPO infants (nϭ19) and NORMO (nϭ15), pϭ0.38. At 18 mos, primary outcome data were available for 204 of the 208 infants. Death or moderate/severe disability occurred in 45 (45%) infants in HYPO and 64 (62%) in NORMO: Risk Ratio (RR) (95%CI) 0.72 (0.55-0.93) with # needed treat (NNT)ϭ6. The risk of death was 24% in HYPO and 36% in NORMO, RR 0.66 (0.43-1.01). The risk of death or disability after moderate HIE was RR 0.67 (0.44 -1.03) and after severe HIE was 0.82 (0.64 -1.06). For HYPO and NORMO respectively, the risks of disabling CP was 19.7% and 28.6%, RR 0.69 (0.38 -1.26), blindness was 5.5% and 14.3%, RR 0.38(0.12-1.19) and hearing impairment requiring aids was 4.0% and 6.3%, RR 0.64 (0.15-2.75). Conclusions:We have demonstrated the effectiveness and safety of whole body hypothermia in term infants with moderate and severe HIE, defined by rigorous criteria, using certified examiners and trained personnel to implement and monitor the intervention and outcome.

Background: Post-asphyxial hypothermia is protective in experimental animals; however, there have been no RCT evaluating safety and effectiveness of whole body hypothermia in term infants with HIE.Objective: To assess safety and effectiveness of whole body hypothermia in term infants with moderate and severe HIE.Design/Methods: A RCT was conducted of infants 36 weeks GA admitted 6 h of age with either a) a cord or first (Ͻ1 hour) pH Ͻ7.0 or BD Ͼ16 mEq/dl or b) a perinatal event and need for resuscitation, AND evidence of moderate or severe HIE by a certified examiner. Infants were randomized to normothermia (NORMO) or whole body cooling to 33.5 C esophageal (HYPO) for 72 h followed by rewarming by on site-research personnel using the Cincinnati Sub-Zero system. Primary outcome was death or disability at 18 mos: severe disability defined as ANY: Bayley MDIϽ70, Gross Motor Function (GMF) level 3-5, hearing impairment requiring aids, or blindness or moderate disability defined as MDI 85-70 AND either GMF 2, hearing impairment with no amplification or seizure disorder.Results: Of 798 screened infants, 239 were eligible, and 208 were randomized; 102 to HYPO and 106 to NORMO. Target temperature was achieved in HYPO within 90 min and remained constant throughout 72 h. Adverse events were similar among HYPO infants (nϭ19) and NORMO (nϭ15), pϭ0.38. At 18 mos, primary outcome data were available for 204 of the 208 infants. Death or moderate/severe disability occurred in 45 (45%) infants in HYPO and 64 (62%) in NORMO: Risk Ratio (RR) (95%CI) 0.72 (0.55-0.93) with # needed treat (NNT)ϭ6. The risk of death was 24% in HYPO and 36% in NORMO,). The risk of death or disability after moderate HIE was RR 0.67 (0.44 -1.03) and after severe HIE was 0.82 (0.64 -1.06). For HYPO and NORMO respectively, the risks of disabling CP was 19.7% and 28.6%, RR 0.69 (0.38 -1.26), blindness was 5.5% and 14.3%, RR 0.38(0.12-1.19) and hearing impairment requiring aids was 4. 0% and 6.3%,.Conclusions: We have demonstrated the effectiveness and safety of whole body hypothermia in term infants with moderate and severe HIE, defined by rigorous criteria, using certified examiners and trained personnel to implement and monitor the intervention and outcome. 341 NATIONAL HOSPITAL FOR NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGERY (UK)Background: Robust quantitative methods are needed to assess the severity of cerebral injury following perinatal hypoxia-ischaemia and to ascertain the efficacy of neuroprotective therapies.Aim: To compare the prognostic efficacies of early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) spin-spin (T2) relaxometry and proton (1H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in infants with neonatal encephalopathy (NE).Methods: Twenty-three term infants with NE were studied with MRI and MRS at 2.4Tesla within 5 days of birth (mean age at scan 3.09 (sd 1.35) days). Mean MRI T2s were calculated for basal ganglia (BG) and thalamic (TH) regions of interest. Thalamic metabolite 1H-MRS peak area-ratios were determined using an 8ml cubic voxel (PRESS; echo time 270ms; repeti...