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Due to fundamental characteristics, routing protocols in wireless mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are particularly vulnerable to attack. One such attack, the "sinkhole" problem, is analyzed in the context of the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol, and a Sinkhole Intrusion Detection System (SIDS) is proposed for detecting it. The design and evaluation of this system is rigorously detailed, its performance is evaluated, and directions for future work are outlined. The simulation results show that SIDS is a promising methodology for this important problem.Index Terms-fuzzy logic, sinkhole, DSR, MANET, intrusion detection.

Abstract-Multilayer neural networks were successfully trained to classify segments of 12-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) data into one of five classes corresponding to five cognitive tasks performed by a subject. Independent component analysis (ICA) was used to segregate obvious artifact EEG components from other sources, and a frequency-band representation was used to represent the sources computed by ICA. Examples of results include an 85% accuracy rate on differentiation between two tasks, using a segment of EEG only 0.05 s long and a 95% accuracy rate using a 0.5-s-long segment .Index Terms-Brain-computer interface (BCI), electroencephalogram (EEG), independent component analysis (ICA), neural networks.

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