An improved full color active matrix electronic paper display (EPD) prototype using a custom design color filter array with E Ink's electrophoretic technology is reported. Improvements over previous efforts are achieved by using a) improved ink formulations with higher dynamic range, b) 4 bit gray scale for each color and c) a color filter design with RGBW pixel layout to improve brightness and dynamic range. As a result, the whiteness of the background page is preserved while enabling color. In addition, due to the "paper-like" optics, the brightness and saturation of the optical states are largely independent of viewing angle or illumination conditions.

An experimental investigation of melting and cyclic melting and freezing around a vertical cylinder is reported. The studies encompass two cases: a plain vertical cylinder, and a vertical cylinder with fins. In the melting studies, the total heat transfer from the cylinder was measured as a function of time. In addition, measurements have been made of the solid-liquid interface shape after various melting times. In these studies, the solid phase was initially isothermal and either at its fusion temperature or subcooled below the fusion point. The experiments reveal the important influence of natural convection in the liquid phase in both unfinned and finned situations. Subcooling of the solid phase is observed to strongly inhibit heat transfer in the unfinned situation. In the experiment on cyclic melting and freezing, subcooling of the solid phase is once again found to have an important effect on the unfinned situation. Heat transfer from the finned cylinder is much less affected by solid-phase subcooling. All the experiments were performed with 99 percent pure n-eicosane paraffin.