Cada día se incrementa más el número de pacientes anticoagulados debido al aumento de la expectativa de vida y los beneficios demostrados de la terapia anticoagulante en patologías como síndrome coronario agudo, fibrilación auricular y enfermedad tromboembólica (1). Las hemorragias más frecuentes en pacientes anticoagulados ocurren en tracto gastro-intestinal, tejidos blandos y tracto urinario (2), siendo el sangrado en retroperitoneo una complicación rara pero conocida que requiere un alto índice de sospecha (1). Los factores que aumentan el riesgo de sangrado son la edad avanzada, las enfermedades concomitantes, los fár-macos asociados y la intensidad de la anticoagulación (2). El hematoma retroperitoneal espontáneo (HRE) es una complicación poco frecuente pero importante, ya que puede producir alteraciones hemodinámicas graves y secuelas neurológicas severas (3). Presentamos un caso de hematoma espontáneo afectando a músculo psoas-ilíaco en una paciente anticoagulada con enoxaparina (1mg/kg/12 h), que cursó con neuropatía del femoral como complicación, haciendo hincapié en que el tratamiento quirúrgico urgente es de elección cuando existe síndrome compartimental con afectación isquémica del nervio femoral (4,5).Mujer de 78 años que acude a Urgencias por cuadro clínico de 1 semana de evolución de glucemias capilares elevadas, disminución del nivel de conciencia, y tos seca y dificultad respiratoria en las últimas horas. Entre sus antecedentes destacaba diabetes mellitus a tratamiento insulínico con mal cumplimiento, hipertensión arterial y cardiopatía isquémica. En la exploración se objetivó temperatura de 38,8 ºC y 35 respiraciones por minuto. En la analítica destacaba una PO 2 de 58 mm/Hg con SO 2 de 90,2% con hemograma, bioquímica y coagulación normales. Ante sospecha de embolismo pulmonar se realiza gammagrafía de ventilación/perfusión en la cual se observan defectos subsegmentarios en lóbulo inferior izquierdo, lóbulo medio derecho y lóbulo inferior derecho con menor afectación ventilatoria, sugestivos de embolismo pulmonar en fase evolutiva o de revascularización. Se inicia tratamiento con enoxaparina (1mg/kg/12 h) y siete días después inicia cuadro súbito de dolor en miembros inferiores, región lumbar y cadera izquierda, con sudoración, palidez e hipotensión, hipoestesia y parestesias en miembros inferiores; junto a hemoglobina 7,2 mg/dl, hematocrito 23,3%, tiempo de protrombina 16,2 seg, INR 1,24, TTPA 35,3 seg, glucosa 606 mg/dl, urea 83 mg/dl, creatinina 3,5 mg/dl, Na 129 mEq/dl y K 5,9 mEq/dl. Se realiza tomografía computarizada evidenciándose gran hematoma retroperitoneal (Fig. 1), por lo que se consulta al servicio de Urología que en principio descarta tratamiento quirúrgi-co, recibiendo tratamiento con sueroterapia, analgesia, transfusión de hematíes y reversión de anticoagulación. A pesar de estas medidas continúa el dolor, parestesias y aparece plejía de miembro inferior izquierdo con hiporreflexia. Ante la afectación de sistema nervioso periférico confirmada con estudio electromiográfico (dene...
Background:Few data are available on the epidemiology and management of giant cell arteritis (GCA) in patients over 75 years despite the progressive aging in our societies. In other diseases this subgroup of patients presents important differences in the management and prognosis of their pathologies.Objectives:To explore this situation by comparing two subgroups of patients, older and younger than 75, assesing possible changes in demographic characteristics, diagnostic tests, treatment and outcome.Methods:We perform a retrospective review of charts, laboratory data, image studies, treatment and outcome of biopsy-proven GCA in our institution (Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo) between 1 January 2000 and 30 November 2019.Results:During study period 124 patients were analysed, 51 in the subgroup of <75 (mean age 64.6 (56-75)) and 73 in the subgroup of >75 (mean age 81.8 (76-89)). There were no differences about sex (female 76.6% vs. 65%) or in the Charlson index between the two groups (0-1 in 72% of patients). Older patients present more frequently with headache (49.2 % vs 32.3%), polymyalgia rheumatica (53.4 % vs 45.1%), weight loss (48% vs 39.2%) and ischaemic manifestations (72.6 % vs 51%), including visual disturbances (26% vs 11.8%). Younger patients present more frequently with fever (33.3% vs 19.2%). Median ESR was similar: 98 vs 96 mm/h; median CPR was slightly higher in younger patients 94.5 mg/dL vs 71.59 mg/dL. PET-TC was performed more frequently at diagnosis in the subgroup of younger patients (29.4% vs 12.3%) and during follow-up period in the other subgroup (3.4% vs 7%) with evidence of involvement of large vessels in 14 of them. Initial treatment consisted of corticosteroids in 100% of patients with the most frequent doses, in both groups, between 40-60 mg/day of prednisone or equivalent. The subgroup of < 75 were treated more aggressively receiving pulses of methylprednisolone (125-250 mg) 12 patients (23.5%), while in the subgroup >75 lower doses were started more frequently (<40mg/day in 21 patients, 28.7%). Lowering corticosteroids to <5 mg/day were slower in the subgroup of patients <75 (47.1% within the first 12 months) with respect to the >75 (58%). During the follow-up period 47 patients had at least one relapse, we did not observe statistical differences between both groups (21 patients <75 and 26 patients >75). Time to first relapse was more frequent within the first year of treatment (12 and 16 patients respectively). We could not identified any factor related to relapses in our multivariate analysis. There was no significant differences between both groups about starting MTX (33.3% and 38%) on relapses. Only two patients started TCZ (one in each group). Twenty-nine patients died during follow-up period (11.7% in <75 vs. 31.5% in >75), but none were related with GCA.Conclusion:1. No differences were observed in sex, comorbidities (including cardiovascular risk factors) or laboratory markers between both groups. 2. Younger patients presented with less frequent ischaemic symptoms; however we perform a more powerful treatment, both in doses and duration.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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