A method to characterize small antennas in their actual operating conditions is presented. The proposed procedure is based on the radar cross section (RCS) measurement technique using backscattering modulation. A theoretical description of the measurement setup based on the signal flow graph representation is presented. The experimental validation includes the measurement of one and two port antennas, as well as the measurement of a small integrated antenna. Results show how the effect of the environment on the antenna impedance can be adequately measured with the proposed system.

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This contribution presents an overview of\ud the backscattering modulation applied to input\ud impedance measurements of cell phone antennas.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

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In this paper a new measurement setup to obtain the characteristic channel matrix of a\ud MIMO radio system is presented using a small and non intrusive device able to\ud characterize two antennas and therefore obtaining the characteristic channel matrix of a MIMO radio system of Nx2 antennas without using a receiver for each port. The\ud extension to a system of more than two output elements can be easily achieved increasing the complexity of the switching device. To validate the new methodology presented here a 2x2 MIMO channel matrix has been characterized comparing the singular value distribution obtained with a traditional measurement procedure.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version