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In the absence of a conducting wall, typical spheromak plasmas are unstable to tilting and/or shifting modes. The effects of the cross-sectional shape, aspect ratio, and the location of a conducting wall on the stability of these modes are investigated. A circular cross-section (b/a~ 1) configuration with a flux hole 5 = 0.5 (aspect ratio R/a = 2) will will be stabilized by an ellipsoidal wall of mean separation of 1.3 minor radii from the plasma.

The physical essence of the “nagel effect” for main reinforcement in an inclined crack of reinforced concrete structures for the model of deformation of reinforced concrete structures includes formation of the first block and the second block of an inclined crack. This effect is considered is constructions under the action of vertical load, with linear displacements (normal to the axis of the beam) and rotations of the fixed end. We can find the unknown τad from the canonical equations for structural mechanics. When we multiply the single diagrams of bending moments caused by displacements Δ1 and Δ2 and displacement caused by longitudal force Ns (x) and increment ΔNs . In this case, for the “nagel effect”, we take into account the presence of several forces and displacements: the force P1 for the surface for the second block; adhesion to the surface of the reinforcement τad and a special force for the effect of discontinuity (ΔT); displacements for mutual shifts of the crack edges (Δ1); movement from the width of the crack opening (Δ2 = acrc ); angle of rotation for the fixed ends; variable longitudinal force in the fixed ends.