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Extensive cytological investigations on the charophytes have established the prevalence of euploidy in the group as a whole. However, aneuploidy is not un common. It is of common occurrence in the genus Tolypella Leonh.

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, little is known about the nuclear cytology of Pithophora Wittr. Geitler (1936) undertook cytological studies of Pithophora, but was unable to count the number of chromosomes. The only literature available of the chromosome number of this genus is by Noor (1965) and Patel (1971) who have counted 24 mitotic chromosomes in P. oedogonia Wittr. and P. kewensis Wittr. respectively. Sinha and Verma (1968) have reported amitosis as only means of nuclear division in P. cleveana Wittr. Hence four species of Pithophora were selected for cytological studies.