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XPS has been used to follow the change of the ore surface composition during bioleaching with a mixed culture of microorganisms. In the original sample, the presence of MOO, togetber with silica and alumina is observed. D u r i n g bioleaching, Mn(IV) is p r e v e l y reduced to Mn(II) and signals due to the presence of the microorganisms appear in the C 1s and N 1s spectra.In the residual sample, a comiderable amount of Ma .ssociated with the cells of the micraorganisms or reprecipitated in the form of the Mn(OH), is present on the surface of tbe ore. This Ma species can be removed completely by treatment with a dilute solution of HCL INTRODUCTION EXPERIMENTAL

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