This study investigated how eighth-grade students perceived images of women in STEM and non-STEM careers. Thirty-six images were posted on-line; we measured five characteristics of each image. Forty students participated in the study. We found that there were significant differences in attractiveness, creativity, and intelligence between STEM and non-STEM images. There were no significant differences for good at her job and organization. In addition, there were no significant differences among STEM and non-STEM images of women of the same race.

Abstract.We present a study of the Palomar Adaptive Optics System and the PHARO near infrared camera in coronagraphic mode. The camera provides two different focal plane occulting masks-opaque circular disks 0.43 and 0.97" across. Three different pupil plane apodizing masks (Lyot masks) are also provided. The six different combinations of Lyot mask and focal plane mask suppress differently the point spread function of a bright star centered on the focal plane mask. We obtained images of the bright nearby star Gliese 614 with all six different configurations in the K filter. We measured the dynamic range achievable with these configurations. Within 2.5", the dynamic range is at least 8 magnitudes at the 5(1 level and as high as 12 in a 1 s exposure. This represents a substantial gain over similar techniques without adaptive optics.

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